Accrual Method Essay

The accrual method of accounting and the currency basis of accounting are different in the way that they destroy transactions. With property basis accounting, the agency records money to its book once it is reliable or when it leaves their system. The accrual method, though, records a transaction when it happens, even if they do not receive money for it yet.Accrual accounting is a more(prenominal) hi-fi portrait of the nonprofit organizations finances. If they supply a divine service they immediately record the cost of that service. This point of view is important because it is more accurate than the cash basis form of accounting, which only documents income when cash comes into the organization.The program line of cash flow is of fundamental importance to an organizations fiscal management. This statement gives the organization a breakdown of every transaction that comes in or out. This is totaled up over a particular measure period. If there are any differences in the organ izational transactions, the statement of cash flow sort outs this clear.The financial stability of an organization rests on what money they make or spend every day. The organization might go get around if they do not track how their money is spent. These accounting practices offer lusty documentation of where money goes.

Bahamian Society Essay

Issues That sneak In Bahamian Society When Educated Bahamians Decide To Live In Other Countries The Bahamas is in danger of being overtaken by alieners. Although this statement is unstable in context, many Bahamians today would not necessarily disagree with it. That, of necessity though, is a situation that the Bahamas peck be faced with if amend Bahamians observe to migrate to other countries at a high rate. This migration, better cognise by the term Brain Drain, is and w paralytic always be a part of society where educated people leave their inwrought haveing countries and seek out more wealthy, opportunistic countries.As noted in the article Reassessing the Impacts of Brain Drain on Developing Countries, nearly bingle in 10 tertiary-educated adults born in the obtaining domain of a function amid a third and half of the developing institutions scholarship and technology personnel now live in the developed world (Sriskandarajah). Although the idea of moving to a mo re wealthy commonwealth endure be beneficial to the Bahamians that are migrating personally, at that place are some problems that gage arise in the Bahamian society as a egress of this. When educated Bahamians decide to live in countries outside the Bahamas, it croupe restrain development in the country, effect family relationships, and can leave the country threatened to international manipulation.Educated Bahamians are needed in the Bahamas to further develop the country innovatively. If these Bahamians decide to migrate to other countries, then there could catch to be a great discrepancy in the overall work up of development in the Bahamas because of their absence in the labour force. According to Simon in the article, Bring topographic point Bahamian Talent, getting access to those skilled Bahamians donjon abroad and their resourcefulness is crucial to the National Development of the Bahamas (par 3).The Bahamas cannot continue to chiefly focus on touristry as its major contributor to the sparing when the amount of competition present in the Caribbean continues to grow and major tourism contributing countries such as the United States of America are simmer down recovering from a drastic recession. Komolafe affirms that, We must expand our industries to provide caper and entrepreneurship opportunities for Bahamians outside of tourism and financial services, which are heavily dependent upon the perceptual constancy and successfulness of the U.S., E.U. and Canadian economies (Par 9).This is bingle of the reasons why Intelligent Bahamians with an entrepreneurship mindset are needed in the Bahamas. In the article, The Bahamian business sector Structure A New Look at our Economy, it states that this country (the Bahamas) already has a farseeing history of entrepreneurship and capital formation (Coulson). Bahamians with this entrepreneurship mentality and drive are the leading that the Bahamas must retain and motivate to create new busin ess ventures and develop more innovative opportunities for themselves as well as for other Bahamians to happen upon meaningful employment. Family relationships are also moved(p) when educated Bahamians leave their native country and migrate to other countries. Communication is a key means when dealing with this situation. A household can be greatly affected when, for instance, a upraise migrates to another country seeking employment, and leaves their husband/ wife in the Bahamas to be a single parent.Even though there might be constant verbal communication between the migrated parent and his/her family, if the overseas job becomes demanding time wise, their absence will be mat up in the home and can put an emotional strain on the relationship of the family. That lack of a proper family structure and guidance can also affect the children as they can become susceptible to the exercise of society and their peers. This correlation is important because when children become exposed to the realities of society such as violence and peer pressure that is where some can come upon astray. Juvenile delinquency is becoming an increasingly serious social ill in the Bahamas whereas, for instance the article, Jveniles Accused of Crimes Jumped 79% in 09, notes that The number of juveniles criminate of committing crimes in 2009 increased dramatically by almost 80 pct compared to 2008, according to Acting Director of Rehabilitative and Welfare Services Quintin Gray. other issue that can be caused by the absence of educated Bahamians in the Bahamas is that it can create an opportunity for contraryers to stream into the Bahamas. This can become a situation that foreign countries seeking to make bonds and gain ties with the Bahamas and its government can take advantage of. Although this idea does not seem detrimental on the surface, the implications of it can lead to corruption and foreign manipulation in the Bahamas. With foreign direct investment on the rise year after y ear, inflows to the Bahamian providence increased by 48.7 per cent to $977 million during 2010, the Government must realize that such a heavy reliance on foreign influences increases the vulnerability of the Bahamas (Hartnell). Many major tourism projects such as Baha foil and the new Thomas A.Robinson stadium are being heavily funded by foreign investments which at some point in time must be compensated for by the government. As quoted in the article, Bahamas Polarised By A Dual Economy, These foreign policies have created a dual economy foreign economy and the Bahamian economy, where the former is dominant and rising, and the latter(prenominal) is subordinate and sinking (Hartnell). With the government in full support of foreign direct investment the advantages of being a foreigner in the Bahamian marketplace seems to outweigh that of being a local Bahamian spirit to enter and prosper in this marketplace.In conclusion, in order to tighten up the chances of these problems cause d in the Bahamian Society when educated Bahamians migrate to other countries, the Bahamian government must find a solution that would encourage educated Bahamians to want to stay in the Bahamas and assist with the economic growth of the country.Also, these goodish Bahamians who have and will eventually leave the Bahamas and migrate to another country should understand that the Bahamas does have the opportunities available to support their creative ideas and The Bahamas, being one of the richest independent countries in the Caribbean, is a place where they can find prosperity and a satisfactory place for employment. The Bahamas is considered a part of the Developing world for a reason, it is still in the process of growth and finding its personal identity in the global marketplace, thus requiring those locals that are highly educated and adroit to produce for their country and take the leadership role.Works CitedBring Home Bahamian Talent. Bahama Pundit. 9 Nov. 2010. 14 Feb. 2012 <http//www.bahamapundit.com/2010/11/bring-home-bahamian-talent.htmlmore> Coulson Richard. The Bahamian Business Structure A New Look at our Economy. The capital of the Bahamas Institute. 12 July. 2003. 17 Feb. 2012 <http//www.nassauinstitute.org/articles/article370.php> Hartnell Neil Bahamas polarised by a dual economy. The Tribune. 8 Oct. 2009. 15 Feb. 2012<http//www.tribune242.com/10082009_Invest_business_Page1-4> Hartnell Neil. Foreign Investment Rises 49% To $977M. The Tribune. 28 July. 2011. 15 Feb. 2012 <http//www.tribune242.com/business/07282011_Invest_business_Page1-2> Juveniles criminate of crimes jumped 79% in 09. 6 May. 2010. 19 Feb. 2012 <http//www.bahamaslocal.com/newsitem/1839/Juveniles_accused_of_crimes_jumped_79_in_09.html> Komolafe Arinthia. The Bahamian Dream Pt.1. The Nassau Guardian. 20 Jan. 2012. 15 Feb 2012 <http//www.thenassauguardian.com/index.php?option=com_content& ampereview=article&id=22023the-bahamian-dream-pt1&catid=49op-ed& ampItemid=86> Sriskandarajah Dhananjayan. Reassessing the Impacts of Brain Drain on Developing Countries.Migration Information Source. Aug. 2005. 17 Feb. 2012<http//www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?ID=324>

Sticking With Arnis

Somehow this swash is ignored and perhaps most Filipinos pop off to recall it, and even the layers of Earns have been quite unnoticed. Take for example flexible castling. Despite all the accomplishments and contributions Palace has made for the take aim and the verdant with playing Earns, she unfortunately still does not seem to get the assist and appreciation she deserves. A passionate and graceful Earns varsity player born(p) on April 4, 1 996, Hazels Gristliness R. Palace has given pride to the school and her country through her achievements in the sport.Truly, junior BBS Psychology student bendable Palace is not scarce your ordinary Eaten. During one interview, Tensile hares that she just heard about Earns from her uncle when she was in fifth story. He taught her Earns basically for ego defense, but that was as well the time when Tensile became engrossed to earns. However, it wasnt until college that she learned much about the sport and actually got to practice it. She started learning earns under Sir Richard gallon in his PEE class.Soon and luckily enough, she was invited to become part of the Atone College Earns early team team the semester after. Everything escalated from then on. Of all the mainstream sports, Palace chose to play a snubbed sport. And so e ask, M/why Earns? Why not volleyball or basketball or any early(a) mainstream sport? Unexposed and out of sight, the mac (Martial Arts Center) located near the college covered courts of ADAM is where Palace has regularly been practicing Earns for 2 years and 2 months now. Undeniably, she has grown in love with the sport.To her, what got her fire in Earns is because of its history. She was also inspired by the stories of Sir Gallon on how Earns was employ in the past. She says Earns could say a lot about our cultural circumstance as Filipinos. l guess I just really snarl that I could help reserve that cultural heritage and that part of our identity as Filipinos through learning Earns and most probably personnel casualty it on to the younger generations in the future. So its not really about the sport and martial art being mainstream but the cultural heritage and intellect of identity as Filipino, says Tensile.Earns indeed has a huge part on our individuality as Filipinos and it contributes immensely to our cultural growth. This ignored martial art, Earns, is what completes us as countrymen. And because we are armed with one of the many Filipino prides, it is our function to uphold this art. Holding on strongly to that obligation is none other than Tensile. As proof, besides being part of the Atone College Earns Varsity team, she is also a part of KAMALA (Kali Earns Martial Arts Organization) and the Philippine Demonstration Team.Moreover, she teaches Earns to grade 7 and 8 students from ASH every Wednesday to fulfill her duty of passing it on to the younger generations. Since Tensile bountifully gives her time and efforts to preserve Earns, she ineluc tably to manage her time well. The building where she just had her consultation with one of her professors was hundreds of travel away from he MAC, so she bustled through the buildings and roads in campus as she was late for her training on one Monday afternoon. She beamed, though catching her breath, when she apothegm me waiting for her at Managing, then she apologized for being late.Then and there, we started walking to their teams training ground. As I watched her train until the late-night hour, I contemplated on how she brings about her time. Admittedly, Tensile give tongue to that she has difficulty with time management with piled-up school tasks, training and family time, she tries her best to counterbalance and sacrifice time for each. Neglected school responsibilities is a big no-no because academics is her front priority, and to help herself out, she decided not to be part of any school organizations this school year.On the other hand, amidst all the busyness, keeping in touch with her family was neer a failure for her. She says she is very open to them. When her parents call her on the echo daily, she often talks about what happened during her training. My friends also get updated on whats incident in my Earns career, she laughs shyly. Although she is still a fresh competitor in the world of Earns, Tensile Palace has won numerous awards and only her university, family members and a couple friends recognized her success.Listed below are some of the awards she received for simply the past few months. In spite being nervous and pressured, Palace did not make these an excuse not to excel in her first kickoff in the world stage. She was one of the hand-picked members of KAMALA to represent the Philippines in the 2014 terra firma Martial Arts Festival in South Korea last August. This erst in a lifetime experience has encouraged her to pursue Earns more, and she is unimpeachably determined to make Earns now as a sport and as a martial art.

Importance of Books in Individual Life Essay

There is a well-defined comfort for those who visit agree stores and libraries. The view ass are at that place like faithful friends waiting to be called upon, read, valued, and appreciated. allow us not also forget, however, the joy and anticipation when visiting employ book stores. They are everywhere, and they all tell a story notwithstanding not only from within the pageboys. They rescue a history they came from someplace they are going somewhere.If every matchless who ever had possession of any given book had written their name, the city or town in which they obtained the book, the purchase price, and the appointee thereof, ensure what an incredible account would exist nigh the adventures of dependable one book. To realize that a book may have traveled done numerous hands and a century of time is a enthralling and exciting concept. Just imagine the many lives it may have touched. With the pages perhaps yellowed, thick and dusty, or thin and delicate, the word is still alive and just as profound and beautiful as it was when it was take a crapd so long ago.Whether fictitious or nonfictional, there can be derived a value, relevancy, and importance to the book. For example, consider a book written in 1918 on the history of Poland. a great deal could be learned about the country and the authors perspective. exactly also consider what the author could not have known about the countrys future at the time of writing. It is a subscribe in itself. It not only gives a story of Poland but an theme of how much(prenominal) things have changed since the books publication.Nothing can or should replace the book not the internet or any separate popular electronic devices. Consider the rudimentary and necessary efforts involved in the editing and critiquing of a book before it goes into print. Can the same be said for the deluge of information available on the World grand Web on any given topic? Is the information organism scrutinized to assure accur acy or grammatical correctness? Is too much being placed on the web that willing only create more confusion and misinformation on any given topic? cherish the physical aspects. Turning the page of a book does less ravish to the wrist than dragging and clicking. If a book is read through an electronic device, there is the memory of it, but not a physical reminder. For example, there is no book to place on a shelf, nothing to takings to the library, or no book to pass on to a employ book store. There is an undeniable feel to a book, to its texture, to an interesting divvy up and enticing title that invites the reader to open it.There is a hotshot of accomplishment as the reader makes his or her way, page after page and chapter after chapter. And at books end the reader will recall the intrigue, joy, and passion for beloved characters, their story, and a conclusion that may sharpen the reflective nature and spur the reader to seek more of the same. Books are as important now as they were during the dark ages when all stories of experiences and places would have been lost had it not been for the dedicated and devoted people who penned them onto parchment or labored over a manual typewriter.

Gender Roles Seen in Toys

Gender Roles and Toys By Shawna Robb English hundred and one Professor Solomon One room has pretty pink wallpaper with a princess border the other is blue with monster trucks on one-wall and sports pictures on a nonher. It is not hard to tell which room is young-bearing(prenominal) and which room is manful. Male and female atomic number 18 used in this instance to define sexualitys. Gender, unlike sex, is a universal guideline upon which individuals are placed. Gender refers to the socially constructed spots, sort, and activities that a particular(a) order of magnitude considers appropriate for men and women.When the pressure of sex activity stereotypes is open to take some say thither are prenatal influences that are sexual practice based. What is obvious is that sexual urge processs a signifi freightert role when it comes to the illuminations people contain for their tikeren and the way that flirt companies market them. Toys-R-Us is a United States based spielac t company who has been taken to t imply for marketing designs that reflect or arouse sexuality specific toys.It is harm that toy stores, like Toys-R-Us, understandably divides the toys by gender in stores and in toy advertisements because it give lessonses children how they are vatical to be in order to be accepted by society, promotes hard-hitting behavior for males and a passive attitude for females. Stereotypical son toys are things like action figures and toy cars. These are both active and aggressive, which is mannish representing how men are supposed to be in society. Girls toys are often ladys, dress up, and toys that mimic household duties. That is stereotypical because its saw young ladys are passive, not active.It is setting standards that little girls belong in the home for their proximo while boys get doctor kits or chemistry sets that give them high goals. Introducing children to these gender role ideas this early is shaping them for the rest of their lives . The worlds leading fast food franchise has an interest in the gender of its young customers. At McDonalds a very popular childs meal is the happy meal. When a Happy Meal is ordered the doer of all snip asks if the child is a boy or a girl. This lets the worker know what type of toy to put in with the meal.The McDonalds worker could ask if the customer demands a hot wheels or a mini Barbie just now instead they learn the gender of the customer and stereotypically provide the toy. Toy stores weaken their store by toys for girls and toys for boys. The girl isle has stereotypical girl color in like pink, purple, and yellow. All of these colors are decrepit when the boys section has colors like red, blues, black, brown and green. All of the boys colors are inconsolableer and less pretty. Just from that diligent look down the isle one evoke notice which is for girls versus boys. The dark colors are less southing and action oriented.The girl colors, are b right(a)ness level m aking them much more than than calm and subdued. This same pattern so-and-so be seen in advertisements on goggle box. Female directed commercials are light colors, with softer medication usually having lyrics that explain the toy and giving passive examples for what can be done with the toy. Boys commercials however have the subject matter that they are going to go out and do something active with the toy. The music for masculine toys is generally uplifting and motivating, which makes a boy excited to make up with the toy. Commercials cannot be avoided and they reach almost all boys and girls on a everyday basis.One interesting area in looking at the influences of toys and gender is the advertising of toys relative to levels of aggression. The television airwaves are filled with toy advertising. Is there a relationship between this advertising and levels of violence, does this relationship show a gender diverge? For example a parent might query if the purchase of boy orie nted toys for their child might increase the childs risk for becoming violent. The parent might also oddity if merely watching the advertisements themselves increase childrens risk for becoming violent.In 2001 Kilinger, Hamilton and Cantrell offered the observation that the use of commercials to sell childrens toy products could have a socialization impact on children similar to that of television programming. Banduras neighborly Learning Theory says, human behavior is transmitted, whether deliberately or inadvertently, by and large through exposure to social models(Bandura 1). When a child thinks that a behavior bequeath be punished versus rewarded alone instead is not flat acknowledged they forget perceive it as a reward. Children usually rest rewarded behavior to receive more praise.Television is seen as a tiptop tutor to Bandura, the child will model what they see on television, not knowing if it is good or bad. For those children whose parents are not good role models, the television becomes the behavioral role model. If violence and aggression is viewed on the television, it is more likely that children will engage in violent and aggressive behavior. trance television can model appropriate behavior, there is a wellspring-documented end for violence and aggression. Advertisements are difficult to avoid since they are interwoven in shows and they tend to emphasize violent and aggressive behavior (Kilinger 13).In the memorize by Kilinger, Hamilton and Cantrell they find childrens perceptions of aggressive content, stereotypic sex-role behavior, and appropriateness of television toy commercials(Kilinger, 11). The results of the study support the notion that there is a gender bias in terms of aggressive content and consequently aggression potential. The results did show that toys and the advertisements for them aimed toward boys were more aggressive than that of the toys that are gender neutral or aimed toward girls. The commercials shown were cl early sex role stereotyped.This is consistent with other research that has back up the idea that boys are more socialized toward aggression. Boys may be more desensitized to aggression as a result of gender stereotyped toy commercials as well as their toy selections in the past. Again, this is a moderateness for concern since commercials are unavoidable while watching television. While the furtherance of aggression is certainly an adequate reason to exercise great make out when it comes to toy and gender, it is not the only reason. Parents do support gender bias toys from the time the child is born.More often than not, a boy will receive toys that are focused towards boys and girls will receive stereotypical girl toys. The children do not go out and buy this themselves their parents will scatter out their toys until the child is already taught what they should like. Parents will come upon out they are having a boy or a girl then base everything around that detail, like the roo m color example, children and gratify clothes are also gender biased as well as their toys. When the girl is playing with girl toys she will be rewarded for the right interests, as would a boy playing with a boy toy.They will then continue this behavior to get their parents approval. If a father sees their son playing with a Barbie doll or asking to be a princess, their father might redirect them saying those are girl things urging them to play with a male biased toy. One thing Social Learning Theory has fabricated is that reinforcement and punishment is the means by which parents socialize children. The study named paternal Socialization of Young Childrens Play, done by Eisenberg, Wolchik, Hernandez and Pasternack, observed the parents involvement with enforcing gender stereotypes.This study found that parents do reward their children for same-sex toy play. It is not only the toy companies that enforce gender roles in toys the people raising the child are also obligated for tea ching stereotypical thinking. The idea that cross-sexed interests are wrong does come from society and children start learning this from the time they are born. (Eisenberg, Wolchik, Hernandez and Pasternack 1506). A thirteen-year-old Swedish boy, Hannes Psajd, intercommunicate out about the gender focused toys in Toys-R-Us. Hannes said that the 2008 Toys-R-Us Christmas catalog showed boys playing with different toys than girls do.The boy said that he and his sister always play with the same toys and there is nothing wrong with that. Psajd said that it sends the wrong message to girls, since they are playing with only passive toys. Hannes stated boys want to be princesses sometimes(Landes 1), demonstrating that this store does not only discriminate against girls. When the vociferation was looked into by a regulatory committee they stated that, Toys-R-Us discriminates based on gender and counteracts positive social behavior, lifestyles, and attitudes(1).This shows that children do r ecognize this riddle if it is brought to their attention. The problem of toys defining gender roles does not completely restrest with Toys-R-Us but is a societal problem. Society has created the gender roles we now have and these roles are often strict. While it will take time to make native changes in gender bias a starting point could be the creation of more gender-neutral toys. These toys would have to find their way into homes and that could be a function of the advertising that is currently part of the problem.Parents need to be educated to nurture more flexible gender roles and allow children to explore their interests, tear down if this interest violates stereotypical norms. Boys and girls should have equal opportunity to play with a doll or a monster truck. Children are taught gender roles from the time they are born, toys are one way that this is taught to them. In a toy store like Toys-R-Us, it is clear to see which isle is for boys and which one is for girls. The colo rs and stereotypical gender bias toys show the clear division in the store between feminine versus masculine toys.Television advertisements depict females as being passive while they promote aggressive behavior for males, this can lead to boys acting violently in the future. Parents sometimes scold children who play with cross-sex toys, which will teach the child not to repeat this behavior. Gender roles teach a child what they are supposed to be, feminine or masculine, and toys to play a part in enforcing these gender stereotypes. Works Cited Bandura, Albert. Psychological clay sculpture Conflicting Theories. Chicago Aldine Atherton, 1971. Print. Eisenberg, Nancy, Walchik, Sharlene A. Hernandez, Robert, Pasternack, Jeannette F. Parental Socialization of Young Childrens Play A Short-Term Longitudinal Study. Child Development 56. 6 (1985) 1506-13. ERIC. EBSCO. Web. 5 Apr. 2011. Klinger, Lori J. , crowd A. Hamilton, Cantrell, Peggy J. Childrens Perceptions of Aggressive and Gender- Specific Content in Toy Commercials. Social Behavior and personality 29. 1 (2001) 11-20. PsycINFO. EBSCO. Web. 5 Apr. 2011. Landes, David. ToysRUs Scolded for Gender Discrimination. The Local Swedens News in English. 6 October 2009. Print.

Positive And Negative Effects Of Gaming

char operateerization plump fors be frowned upon by parents as time-wasters, and worse, some(a)(a) education experts think that these games corrupt the brain. Violent word picture games are soft blamed by the media and some experts as the reason why some young people become hostile or commit complete anti-social deportment. But umteen scientists and psychologists find that characterization games basis real suck up umpteen benefits the main one is making kids smart. Video games may actually teach kids towering- take thinking skills that they entrust need in the future.Positive personal personal effects of Video GamesWhen you play picture show games, it gives the brain a real workout. In many video games, the skills required to win involve abstract and high level thinking. These skills are not even taught at schooling. Some of the genial skills enhanced by video games include o Following instructionso line solving and logic o Hand-eye coordination, fine motor and sp atial skills. o Planning, resource management and logistics. o Multitasking o Quick thinking, making dissolute analysis and decisions. o Accuracyo Pattern recognition o Estimating skillso Memory . o Concentration o Improved ability to rapidly and accurately acknowledge visual information o Teamwork and cooperation when played with others o ManagementVideo games increase your self-confidence and self-esteem as you master the games. In many games, the levels of difficulty are adjustable.As a beginner, you begin at the easy level and by constant practicing and slowlybuilding skills, you become confident in handling to a greater extent difficult challenges. Since the cost of failure is lower, you dont fear making mistakes. You take more risks and explore more. You can guide this attitude to the real life.Negative Effects of Video GamesMost of the unstable effects of video games are blamed on the madness they contain. Children who play more ferocious video games are more likely to fox increase aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and decreased prosocial directioning, according to a scientific get a line (Anderson & axerophthol Bushman, 2001). The effect of video game violence in kids is worsened by the games interactive nature. In many games, kids are yielded for being more violent. The act of violence is done repeatedly. The child is in control of the violence and experiences the violence in his own eyes (killings, kicking, stabbing and shooting).This active participation, repetition and reward are effective as wellls for learning behavior. Indeed, many studies seem to indicate that violent video games may be related to aggressive behavior ( such as Anderson & Dill, 2000 Gentile, Lynch & Walsh, 2004). However, the evidence is not consistent and this final result is far from settled. Many experts including Henry Jenkins of Massachusetts Institute of Technology own noted that there is a decreased rate of juvenile annoyance whch coincides with the popularity of games such as Death Race, Mortal Kombat, Doom and Grand theft auto.He concludes that teenage players are able to leave the emotional effects of the game behind when the game is over. Indeed there are cases of teenagers who commit violent crimes who also spend great amount of time playing video games such as those involved in the Columbine and Newport cases. It appears that there will always be violent people, and it just so happen that many of them also enjoy playing violent video games. Too untold video game playing makes your kid socially isolated. Also, he may spend less time in other activities such as doing homework, reading, sports, and interacting with the family and friends.Some video games teach kids the wrong values. Violent behavior, vengeance and aggression are rewarded. Negotiating and other nonviolent solutions are often not options. Women are often portrayed as weaker characters that are helpless orsexually provocative.Games can confuse real ity and fantasy.Academic achievement may be negatively related to over-all time spent playing video games. Studies have lay downn that the more time a kid spends playing video games, the poorer is his feat in school. (Anderson & Dill, 2000 Gentile, Lynch & Walsh, 2004). A study by Argosy Universitys Minnesota School on Professional Psychology found that video game addicts argue a split with their teachers, fight a lot with their friends, and score lower grades than others who play video games less often. Other studies show that many game players routinely skip their homework to play games, and many students admitted that their video game habits are often responsible for poor school grades.Although some studies suggest that playing video games enhances a childs concentration, other studies, such as a 2012 paper published in Psychology of Popular Media Culture, have found that games can hurt and help childrens attention issues improving the ability to concentrate in short bu rsts alone damaging long-term concentration. Video games may also have bad effects on some childrens health, including obesity, video-induced seizures. and postural, muscular and skeletal disorders, such as tendonitis, nerve compression, carpal tunnel syndrome. When playing online, your kid can pick up bad language and behavior from other people, and may make your kid vulnerable to online dangers.A study by the Minneapolis-based field Institute for Media and the Family suggests that video games can be addictive for kids, and that the kids addiction to video games increases their depression and anxiety levels. Addicted kids also exhibit social phobias. non surprisingly, kids addicted to video games see their school performance suffer. Kids spending too much time playing video games may exhibit driving behavior and have attention problems. This is according to a new study published in the February 2012 issue of the Journal of Psychology and Popular Media Culture. For the study, at tention problems were defined as difficulty engaging in or sustaining behavior to reach a goal.

Provoking play Essay

To our strike, when Eddie dialog to Louis and Mike, they quotation Rodolfo and some how funny they think he is. They bent really talk ab bring out it as a compliment, in fact, it is an indirect insult. We think this because the reap up directions tell us how hysterical Louis and Mike find the conversation. Hes al itinerarys make little remarks, interchangeable yk right come to? This may surprise the audience because we automatically think that Eddie is on the nose jealous and making excuses for his green-eyed monster. precisely when we hear it from some one else, as indirect as it may be, our opinions may altar slightly as t absenther may be slight truth behind what he is saying.When Catherine returns from her date with Rodolfo, Eddie talks to her. He indicates that she allow possess to choose, and makes her feel guilty- wear upont hesitate my heart Katie. Eddie so tells Catherine how he thinks Rodolfo is using her just for citizenship-He marries you, he has th e right to be an American citizen. Catherine is obviously very(prenominal) hurt by this, I dont believe it and I wish to nut house youd stop it Our expectations as the audience digest grown, thither is impinge among Catherine and Eddie now, the two that were so close. Disaster pay backs a clear idea.Eddie has incapacitated the control he once had over Catherine, she doesnt listen to him any more(prenominal) and has her own opinions. later Catherine and Eddies fight, Beatrice talks to Catherine. She tells her that Eddie is not her father and that he shouldnt tell her what to do. Hes not your father, Catherine. I dont understand whats going on here. Beatrice brings up Catherines immaturity towards Eddie. Catherine-He thinks Im a baby. Beatrice-Because you think youre a baby. She discreetly tells Catherine she is jealous of her-You think Im jealous of you crawl inmaking? Well you should overhear thought of it before entirely Im not. Expectations in the audience are created because Beatrice is suffering in her relationship with Eddie, face at Catherine and Rodolfo make her happy and Beatrice go away favour Catherine in disputes amidst Eddie and Catherine. Eddie goes to regulate Alfieri. After he has explained the problem, he asks about law advice-he is taking this situation very seriously. Eddie tells Alfieri that he thinks Rodolfo is gay-The guy aint right. he makes a upstart dress. I think about he looked so sweet there- similar an angel-you could kiss him he was so sweet. Alfieri bluntly tells Eddie that the notwithstanding illegal thing going here is, the way in which they entered the country. Eddie refuses to touch upon that boundary, Oh, Jesus, no, I wouldnt do nothin about that. Alfieri then says She urgencys to get married, Eddie. She cant marry you can she? Stage directions strike Eddie as furious at this remark. Alfieri concludes this sight by telling the audience he can see the out keep up unfolding-I knew where he w as verandah for, I knew he was going to end. - a very accu buy ate omenion. By this dismantle expectations of disaster and tragedy in the audience are high.Alfieri has just told the audience he knew Eddie was going to end. That is a vital point in his speech, it tells us he is going to literally end. So far, in the monkey we stick seen how important Catherine and Eddies relationship is. We have realised that Eddie has feelings for Catherine, more than what he likes to believe him egotism. We have established that Eddie is very against the idea of Catherine and Rodolfo, because of his jealousy and fear of loosing Catherine. All the characters are at the house for a family meal. After they all discuss some of the places Rodolfo and Marco have been.In conversation Eddie lightly warns Rodolfo about Catherine-It aint so free here either Rodolfo. But in your town you wouldnt just drag off some young woman without permission, I mean. You know what I mean Marco, it aint that much di fferent here. They have a small argument. Catherine then asks Rodolfo to dance, in spite of Eddie. Rodolfo says no at first, in deference to Eddie. Eddie mentions Rodolfos many talents, hinting he thinks he is gay-But if I could cook, if I could sing, if I could make dresses, I wouldnt be on the water con straw man. (He has been unconsciously been twisting the newspaper into a tight roll.They are all regarding him now he senses he is exposing an issue and is driven on. ) I would be someplace else. I would be like in a dress store. (He has bent the foregather of paper and it suddenly tears in two). This long piece of text has significant demonstrate directions. They show how Eddies anger doesnt shine through verbally, but physically. He is sometimes unable to express his feelings. Eddie then offers to teach Rodolfo boxing, possibly putting on a brave act for Catherine, trying to bond with Rodolfo. His real motive(prenominal) is clear to us, the audiencehe wants to meet out his anger, he wants to hit Rodolfo. He also wants to show he is much stronger than Rodolfo, he wants to screen something to himself and to almost scare Rodolfo. Rodolfo shows how he does have respect for Eddie-I dont want to hit you Eddie. Eddies ends up hitting Rodolfo-what he wanted. Marco has become aware of what is happening between Rodolfo and Eddie now and is not too gratifyd. He steps in to show Eddie who is really the strongest. Marco challenges Eddie to a chair-lifting contest. Marco wins and conflict between Marco and Eddie has now begun.Stage directions tell us, Marco is face to face with Eddie, a laboured tension gripping his eyes and jaw, his neck stiff, the chair raised like a weapon above Eddies head-and he transforms what might appear like a flare of warning into a smile of triumph, and Eddies grin vanishes a he absorbs his look. To the audience Marcos look is warning Eddie. Marco is wary of Eddie now and will protect Rodolfo as best he can. This last scene has adde d to the expectations of this audience because Eddie has had conflict with every main character, tragedy is even more inevitable. Act two begins now, opening with Catherine and Rodolfo.Catherine discreetly asks Rodolfo if he is just marrying her for citizenship. She asks him if they could sound in Italy to see how he reacts. He reacts badly, he doesnt want to know and thinks Catherine is mad. She then tells Rodolfo how she is scared of Eddie, then asks him straight. Would you quench want do it if it turned out we had to live in Italy? Rodolfo is absolutely furious by this thought-My heart dies to look at you, why are you so terror-stricken of him? Rodolfo tells Catherine that Eddie is in the wrong and that she needs to permit go of him as well-If I deal out in my hands a little bird. And she grows and wishes to fly.But I will not let her out of my hands because I love her so much, is that right for me to do? Rodolfo and Catherine sleep together. This is not openly shown but the audience can predict that it happens further tragedy for Eddie. Eddie returns home dead after, he is drunk-stage directions state he is unsteady-drunk. As he enters he in short realises what has happened and orders Rodolfo to, Pack it up. Go ahead. Get your stuff out of here. But Catherine then says she is going as well. Eddie, losing all meaning finds the one way he feel she can express his feelings for Catherine, he kisses her.But in a pathetic attempt to show Rodolfo as gay, Eddie kisses him. Stage directions- she strives to free herself, he kisses her on the mouth. Eddie pins his arms laughing and suddenly kisses him. Again Eddie warns Rodolfo to leave and refuses to let Catherine go. By this point in the play the audience will have probably realised tragedy is not far off. Eddie did the most move and astonishing thing he could have done, he kisses Catherine because it is the only way he feels he can express his feelings. But instead it destroys Eddie and Catherines relationship completely.Eddie pays Alfieri a final visit. Again Alfieri tells him that he has no rights and there is no law. He tells Eddie he has to let go-Let her go and purify her (A phone booth begins to glow on the opposite side of the stage a faint, lonely blue. ) This in my opinion is the most important piece of stage direction. It creates an expectation in the audience unlike any separate quote. It tells the audience immediately this call back plays a role. Eddie has become desperate. The expectations are obvious, he is going to report Rodolfo and Marco to immigration.The audience think back to the story of Vinny and hoe tragic his story was, he was rejected by his family. The audience predict this is what will happen to Eddie. As the audience could predict Eddie reports Marco and Rodolfo to immigration. From that point out front we know it really is the end for Eddie. There is no chance that he can rectify and of the damage he has done. Eddie returns home, trying to act casual. Catherine, Rodolfo and Marco have moved upstairs. Beatrice has an argument with Eddie about his previous actions and the issues of their physical relationship come into context briefly.Beatrice tells Eddie that it is his fault, what you did to her, in front of him Amazingly Catherine finally stands up for her self in front of Eddie-Im gonna get married Eddie. Which adds to the expectations off disaster because Catherine has finally learnt to stand up to Eddie, she isnt trying to please him, she is her own fountainhead which is something Eddie wint have experienced before. At a last grasp at hope, Eddie says to Catherine, If you wanna go out, like I mean I realize maybe I kept you home to much. And still continues to push with another excuse that Rodolfo isnt right for her. The audience see this as a desperate last attempt from Eddie to keep Catherine. immigration arrive for Marco and Rodolfo. Eddie pretends he knows nothing about the immigrants-who? We got no ashes he re. It doesnt take long for Beatrice to realise that Eddie is behind it-My God, what did you do? As immigration take away Marco and Rodolfo Marco spits in Eddies face. This is the biggest insult for Eddie, he is very hurt-Thats the give thanks I get? I take the blankets off my bed for yiz. You gonna apologize. presently this has happened the expectations in the audience are fairly certain-Marco is the stronger man, he is furious with Eddie, understandably-That one, he killed my children That one stole food from my children. What is Marco going to do? The question that plays the mind until the very end. That is a wonderful way to create expectation. Not only did Marco spit in his face, but he humiliated him in front of the entire neighbourhood, and the entire neighbourhood turned their back on Eddie. Eddie feels as low as possible he has lost everything that meant any nourish to him.Alfieri now has to make Marco promise not to hurt Eddie until the hearing, this takes a stool o f persuading, creating more expectations because it makes us wonder what Marco is feeling and about how hard it is for him to promise. Catherine makes a point about Eddie, how she feels about him-Nobody is going to talk to him again. When Marco does make the promise, he is expecting Eddie to apologize to him. It is Catherine and Rodolfos wedding day. Eddie is on his last straw. He tells B that if she goes to the wedding he will leave her-You walk out that door, you aint comin back. This leaves the audience wondering, what could happen to their marriage who is she going to choose? Whoever she does choose will be the others disaster. Catherine finally does stands up to Eddie, harshly, like a woman. She calls him a rat and says He bites people in their sleep He comes when no bodys lookin and poisons decent people. In the garbage he belongs. A surprise in the audience and some tension because we wonder what will happen to Eddie now? Rodolfo comes and warns Eddie, he warns him that Mar co is coming and suggests ways of solving the argument-Eddie ignores him bluntly.Marco calls Eddie out. At this point expectations peak, the audience are on the edge of their seats, desperate to know what will Marco do? Well after a few insults, their question is answered. As Eddie takes out a knife, our predictions are confirmed. Marco turns the knife. In the street in front of the neighbourhood, He dies in her arms Neither Eddie nor Marco could give into their beliefs and priorities. But Marco, the stronger man, won the battle. At the end of A view from the bridge Alfieri concludes, a very well though out ending, as he is the chorus in the play.This play is a classic tragedy, and in this essay I have written an account of the main events, and the expectations of disaster and tragedy the audience receive. In this play I think the best indication of disaster is when the telephone booth lights up. It answers most of the plays out standing questions up to that point. For example, How will Eddie finagle? What will Eddie do? And so on. Overall I think this is a good play, it has been written with excellent use of brooklynese language and Arthur Miller has apply stage directions very well. It is a good storyline and gives the mind a lot to think about. A very thought provoking play.

Archaeology Essays – Archaeological Excavation

Can archaeologic cut into of strays non under immediate queer of development or eroding be justified morally? aspect for the pros and cons of enquiry ( as opposed to deliver and salve ) cut into and non-destructive archeologic look into methods utilizing specific illustrations.Many people believe that archaeology and archeologists atomic number 18 generally concerned with archaeological rank with delving sites. This may be the common public construe of archeology, as frequently portrayed on telecasting, although Rahtz ( 1991, 65-86 ) has made relieve oneself that archaeologists in fact do many things besides excavate. Drewett ( 1999, 76 ) goes farther, noticing that it must never be assumed that remove is an indispensable ingredient of any archaeological fieldwork . Excavation itself is a dearly-won and destructive investigate tool, destructing the reject of its research forever ( Renfrew and Bahn 1996, 100 ) . Of the present twenty-four hours it has been no ted that instead than missing to delve every site they know ab step up, the bulk of archeologists work at heart a preservation moral principle that has grown up in the past few decennaries ( Carmichaelet Al. 2003, 41 ) . Given the displacement to excavation taking topographical point largely in a deliverance or salvage context where the archeology would otherwise face devastation and the inherently destructive nature of slam, it has become appropriate to inquire whether research mining bunghole be morally justified. This essay will seek to do that inquiry in the affirmatory and besides explore the pros and cons of research digging and non-destructive archeological research methods.If the moral justification of research digging is refutable in comparing to the digging of threatened sites, it would look that what makes deliverance digging morally acceptable is the fact that the site would be lost to gentleman cognition if it was non investigated. It seems clear from this, an d seems widely accepted that digging itself is a reclaimable fact-finding technique. Renfrew and Bahn ( 1996, 97 ) suggest that digging retains its cardinal function in fieldwork because it yields the most dependable grounds archeologists are interested in . Carmichaelet Al. ( 2003, 32 ) note that excavation is the agencies by which we entree the past and that it is the most basic, specifying panorama of archeology. As mentioned above, digging is a dearly-won and destructive procedure that destroys the object of its survey. Bearing this in head, it seems that it is possibly the context in which digging is utilise that has a bearing on whether or non it is morally excusable. If the archeology is bounciness to be destroyed through eroding or development so its devastation through digging is vindicated since much informations that would otherwise be lost will be created ( Drewett 1999, 76 ) .If rescue digging is justifiable on the evidences that it prevents entire loss in footings of the possible informations, does this mean that research digging is non morally justifiable because it is non merely making the lift out manipulation of archeological sites that must be consumed ( Carmichaelet Al. 2003, 34 ) ? Many would differ. Critics of research digging may indicate out that the archeology itself is a finite alternative that must be preserved wherever possible for the hereafter. The devastation of archeological grounds through unneeded ( ie non-emergency ) digging denies the chance of research or enjoyment to future coevalss to whom we may owe a tutelary responsibility of attention ( Rahtz 1991, 139 ) . Even during the most responsible diggings where diminutive records are made, 100 % recording of a site is non possible, doing any non-essential digging about a willful devastation of grounds. These unfavorable judgments are non exclusively valid though, and surely the latter holds true during any digging, non merely research diggings, and certainly during a research undertaking there is likely to be more than clip available for a full recording go about than during the statutory entree period of a deliverance undertaking. It is besides debateable whether archeology is a finite resource, since rude(a) archeology is created all the clip. It seems ineluctable though, that mavin sites are alone and can endure devastation but although it is more hard and possibly unwanted to deny that we stimulate some employment to continue this archeology for future coevalss, is it non besides the instance that the present coevalss are entitled to do responsible usage of it, if non to destruct it? Research digging, best directed at replying potentially of import research inquiries, can be done on a partial or selective footing, without upseting or destructing a whole site, therefore go forthing countries for later research workers to look into ( Carmichaelet Al. 2003, 41 ) . Furthermore, this can and should be done in concurrence with non-invasiv e techniques such(prenominal) as aerial picture taking, land, geophysical and chemical study ( Drewett 1999, 76 ) . continue research digging besides allows the pattern and development of new techniques, without which such accomplishments would be lost, forestalling future digging technique from creation improved.An first-class illustration of the benefits of a combination of research digging and non-destructive archeological techniques is the work that has been done, despite expostulations, at the Anglo-saxon graveyard at Sutton Hoo, in eastern England ( Rahtz 1991 136-47 Renfrew and Bahn 1996, 98-99 ) . Excavation originally took topographic point on the site in 1938-39 baring many hoarded wealths and the feeling in sand of a wooden ship employ for a burial, though the organic grammatical construction was non found. The focal point of these tryouts and those of the sixtiess were traditional in their attack, organism concerned with the scatter of burial hills, their content s, dating and placing historical connexions such as the individuality of the residents. In the 1980s a new run with different purposes was undertaken, directed by Martin Carver. Rather than get downing and stoping with digging, a regional study was carried out over an country of some 14ha, assisting to put the site in its local context. Electronic distance measurement was used to make a topographic contour map prior to other work. A grass adroit examined the assortment of grass species on-site and identified the places of some 200 holes take into the site. Other environmental surveies examined beetles, pollen and snails. In add-on, a phosphate study, declarative musical mode of likely countries of human business, corresponded with consequences of the surface study. Other non-destructive tools were used such as metal sensors, used to map modern trash. A proton gaussmeter, fluxgate gradiometer and dirt galvanizing protection were all used on a little portion of the site to the E , which was subsequently excavated. Of those techniques, electric resistance proved the most enlightening, uncovering a modern ditch and a dual palisade, every daub good as some other characteristics ( see comparative illustrations in Renfrew and Bahn 1996, 99 ) . Excavation subsequently revealed characteristics that had non been remotely detected. Electric resistance has since been used on the country of the hills while soil-sounding radio detection and ranging, which penetrates deeper than electric resistance, is being used on the hills themselves. At Sutton Hoo, the techniques of geophysical study are seen to run as a complement to digging, non simply a preliminary nor so far a replacing. By trialling such techniques in concurrence with digging, their effectivity can be gauged and new and more effectual techniques developed. The consequences at Sutton Hoo suggest that research digging and non-destructive methods of archeological research remain morally justifiable.However, mere ly because such techniques can be applied expeditiously does non intend that digging should be the precedence nor that all sites should be excavated, but such a scenario has never been a likely one due to the usual restraints such as support. Besides, it has been noted above that there is already a tendency towards preservation. Continued research digging at celebrated sites such as Sutton Hoo, as Rahtz notes ( 1991, 140-41 ) , is justified since it serves professedly to develop archeological pattern itself the physical remains, or forms in the landscape can be and are restored to their former visual aspect with the fillip of being better understood, more educational and elicit such alien and particular sites capture the imaginativeness of the populace and the media and chide the profile of archeology as a whole. There are other sites that could turn out every bit good illustrations of morally justifiable long term research archeology, such as Wharram Percy ( for which see Raht z 1991, 148-57 ) . Progressing from a straightforward digging in 1950, with the purpose of demoing that the earthworks represented mediaeval edifices, the site grew to stand for much more in clip, infinite and complexness. Techniques used grow from digging to include study techniques and aerial picture taking to put the small town into a local context.In decision, it can be seen that while digging is destructive, there is a morally justifiable topographic point for research archeology and non-destructive archeological techniques digging should non be trim merely to deliver fortunes. Research digging undertakings, such as Sutton Hoo, have provided many positive facets to the development of archeology and cognition of the past. While digging should non be undertaken lightly, and non-destructive techniques should be employed in the first topographic point, it is clear that every bit yet they can non replace digging in footings of the sum and types of informations provided. Non-destru ctive techniques such as environmental sampling and electric resistance study have, provided important complementary informations to that which digging provides and both should be employed.BibliographyCarmichael, D.L. , Lafferty III, R.H. and Molyneaux, B.L. 2003.Excavation.Walnut brook and Oxford Altamira Press.Drewett, P.L. 1999.Field Archaeology An Introduction. London UCL Press.Rahtz, P. 1991.Invitation to Archaeology. 2nd edition. Oxford Blackwell.Renfrew, C. and Bahn, P.1996.Archeology Theories, Methods and Practice. 2nd edition. London Thames &038 A Hudson.

He Garfunkeled Your Mother: a Psychoanalytic Reading of the Graduate

He Garfunkeled Your Mother A Psychoanalytic Reading of The Graduate The 1967 take on, The Graduate, staring Dustin Hoffman and Anne Bancroft contains a plethora of human idiosyncrasies that would be of the utmost interest to the psychoanalytic minds of twain Freud and La arsehole. For this class period, I will focus on the theories of both Freud and La ass in con micturateance with textual evidence to prove that Benjamin Braddock never achieves happiness in the end of the pick out, but has only just prolonged his quest to repugn a miserable human existence.The most glaring and obvious reading of this film focuses around the character of Mrs. Robinson. An obvious Oedipal Complex emerges as Ben and Mrs. Robinson light an affair. As an older woman, who Ben never calls by her first name, Mrs. Robinson becomes a refilling mother for Ben. Bens jealousy for his pay off emerges as Ben begins to understand his develop is not worried about his own future, though Ben himself is extre mely unsure about what the future holds for his life. In circumstance, Bens beginner has built a distinctly upper class and well kept home for Ben and his mother.Ben subconsciously senses that his father holds all the power within the family dynamic as the resole breadwinner for the household. Understanding this unstated father-son rivalry, it is predictable through a Freudian comment that Ben would at last produce sex with Mrs. Robinson, the wife of his fathers fear partner. By doing, Ben can displace his Oedipal desires of wooing his mother to distract from his fathers power and wealth without actually committing incest, and therefrom displace his father from a po baby-sition of power.The focus on mother resourcefulness does not stop there. Ben is often depicted in water in the form of his swimming pool, or staring into the water of his fish tank. Tyson tells us that the imagery of dreams that involve water, especially immersion in water, efficacy also be about our relat ionships with our mothers (Tyson 21). This explains why filmmakers chose to emerge Ben, in his phallic looking scuba suit, into his swimming pool. This symbolizes Bens emersion into the depths of his Oedipal Complex.At one point his parents push his encephalon back under the water, thus illustrating that they are the ones who subconsciously pushing Ben into a state of dependence upon them. Though this backfires as he displaces the need for a mother or parental figure into his relationship with Mrs. Robinson. In this alike chance one could conclude that this setting emphasizes Bens submersion into a conflict of the id, ego, and superego. Under the water, where there is no language or sound, like the Laconian Imaginary, Ben has to battle with his id, the pleasures he receives from sex with Mrs.Robinson, and his ego, deciding upon the rationality of his decisions. Once he emerges from the water and enters into the Symbolic, he is then(prenominal) again subject to the superego wher e he mustiness decide if what he is doing with Mrs. Robinson is right or wrong (Tyson 25). Ultimately, Ben continually chooses to subdue the situation and confrontation entirely and emerge himself and his thoughts in his pool or fish tank in order to repress any yet emotional agitation (Tyson 15). The Freudian concept of fetishes is also highlighted throughout the film to serve as a constant reminder and protection to Ben.In the notorious fit between Ben and Mrs. Robinson in the Robinsons living elbow agency, Mrs. Robinson has conveniently set her legs up on the bar stool next to her. Her legs are public exposure just equal to seem inviting but not enough to institute a itinerary the fact that she has been castrated to Ben. There is however a series of chat that occurs as Mrs. Robinson sexily removes her stockings. What is most important about this scene, though, is that the line Mrs. Robinson, are you hard to seduce me? is delivered by Ben as the camera focuses on h im through a frame made by Mrs.Robinsons leg, arched and positioned on a stool. By choosing to frame the most famous line from the movie this panache filmmakers can ensure that Ben is still seen by viewers as innocent, saved from shame, and therefore likable, as he has not been subjected to the fact that Mrs. Robinson does not take a penis. Freud also suggests that the fetish is important because it also saves the fetishist from becoming a homosexual, by endowing women with the characteristic which makes them tolerable sexual objects (Freud 843).Benjamin can retain his unequivocal heterosexuality in the eyes of the viewer even though he is explicitly stating he does not want to have sex with this woman. His concern and focus on her legs informs the reader that he is still interested in her as a sexual world. Soon, though, this view of Ben as innocent is then shattered, as Mrs. Robinson appears to Ben in the next scene as completely nude. after(prenominal) seeing the naked fema le ashes, Benjamin is fully aware that Mrs. Robinson has been castrated. He interjects, Oh God, Let me out, and Jesus Christ, in fear of what his has seen.The playful focus on Mrs. Robinsons legs is gone and what remains serves as the glaring realization that Ben could be castrated by losing favor or power in his participation if anyone found out that he had seen Mrs. Robinson naked. Benjamin eventually uses the premise of expurgation and phallus as power in an attempt manipulate Mrs. Robinson after their affair has been going on for some time. After deciding he has had enough meaningless sex, Ben asks Mrs. Robinson about her family including her daughter Elaine. Mrs.Robinson insinuates that Ben is not beloved enough for her daughter and then refuses to answer why he is not deemed good enough for Elaine. Ben then rips the sheet away from Mrs. Robinsons naked body to reveal that he is still the only one in the room with a phallus and therefore should hold the power, as a way to f orce her to answer his question. Quickly, Mrs. Robinson covers her body to reclaim power within the situation. The scene escalates to Mrs. Robinson putting on her stockings again, playing Bens focus to her legs once more. Ben slowly succumbs to her wiles giving back the power of an imaginary phallus to the older woman.This scene exemplifies Freuds theory of castration anxiety, as the power in the room is switched back and forth between the person, male or female, who seems to be in possession of the phallus. Another possible, though more complicated, reading of the film emerges in a Lacanian analysis. Unlike Freud, who would argue that having a phallus is of the utmost importance, Lacan complicates the melodic theme of power by questioning if its more important to have the Phallus or to be the Phallus. Mrs. Robinson perfectly highlights how important it is for women to be the Phallus. Mrs.Robinson wants to be desired by Ben, which is why she becomes so angry at the fact Ben takes her daughter on a date. Mrs. Robinson sees her own daughters offspring and beauty as a threat to Bens attraction and affection. This junior woman is a roadblock to Mrs. Robinson being the desire of the other as Ben now wants someone young and single who poses an option of marriage that Mrs. Robinson does and can not (Palmer 1). In contrast, Ben does not desire to be the Phallus. Instead, hes chasing pavements, in a sense, as his true desire, or ultimate Phallus, is being able to predict his own future.Though at one time he desired to be with Mrs. Robinson, his sense of desire changes as he realizes Mrs. Robinson cannot give him what he wants the way that Elaine can. Only Elaine, with her youth and ability to marry can be the only one who truly cannot give him what he wants, insight into his future which includes the possibility of a wife and children. Under this Lacanian analysis, it is almost inconceivable to distinguish whether it is more important to have the Phallus or to be the Phallus as both characters are left as as unhappy. Mrs.Robinson is left feeling undesired as Benjamin literally fights tooth and sail through to be with Elaine, and Benjamin is left still unknowing what the future holds for him. The film ends with Ben and Elaine running away from Elaines wedding to hop on a bus, take one last glance at what they left behind, and sit facing their future, starting blankly. A conventional reading of this film might conclude that the film has a happy ending since Benjamin last ended up with the girl he had been chasing throughout the movie and therefore should be happy with achieving his goal. Freud and Lacan would both vehemently disagree with this reading.Freud would infer that since Ben continue to repress his feelings and act out his Oedipal Complex he has an obvious sexual perversion that could only be solved or aided with deep and prolonged psychotherapy. Likewise, Lacan would conclude that Benjamins continuous pursuit of the Phallus is ul timately futile. Since Ben can never fully predict or understand his future, even when a life with Elaine is imminent, he will never be finish or validated, as he will still have desires he can never realize. Only now, he has the added obligation of carrying Elaine along with him on his never-ending hunt for fulfillment.Works Cited The Graduate. Dir. Mike Nichols. Perf. Dustin Hoffman and Anne Bancroft. Embassy Pictures, 1967. DVD. Leitch, Vincent B. Fetishism. The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. New York W. W. Norton &, 2010. 841-45. Print. Palmer, Donald D. The Real, the Imaginary, and the Symbolic. structural linguistics and Poststructuralism for Beginners. New York, NY Writers and Readers, 1997. N. pag. Print. Tyson, Lois. Psychoanalytic Criticism. Critical Theory Today A easy Guide. New York Routledge, 2006. 11-52. Print.

Functions & Responsibilities of Hr & Admin Department of Rcl

Chapter 1 base 1. Background of the bill subsequently completion of MBA program students convey to do internship in an shaping for the ful busyment of the Degree. Internship program occurs an opportunity of learning the real operateing dynamics and apply knowledge of Business Administration. I complete my M. B. A program from projecte section of commission Studies, University of Chittagong. To complete the academic obligatory I did my internship at HR discussion section of imperial superior moderate.My internship topic was functions &038 responsibilities of HR and Admin division of proud superior moderate. This tonics report is prepargond to cogitate on the functions and responsibilities of HR and Admin de disassociatement of violet superior Limited. 1. 2Rationale of the report Internship program is the part of MBA program which gives a backcloth to MBA students to prepargon a study report focusing event to problematic issues of direction of the boldnes s. It is an opportunity to gather practical knowledge and funk the gap between theoretical and practical knowledge.It in whatever case gives opportunity to the prox managers to deal with practical problems and give solution in real transmission line biography. I did my internship in kinglike detonator Limited which is a leadership equity negotiateage ho engross in the country. My internship report is found on the practical association through working at the HR subdivision of the comp completely(a) told. 1. 3Objectives of the report The main objective of this report is to ful make the academic petitionment as well up as the next objectives To understand the tender psychogenic imagery precaution exercises. To throw away a clear picture of the prefatory HR functions. To determine the clear picture of HR coiffes in RCL. To analyze the exertion of the HR &038 Admin department of RCL. 1. 4Methodology and Data nailion The report is prep atomic add up 18d on the basis of image and discipline collection through direct centering at the work model. The methodology sticked for the pattern of the study has been desk look for as well as field survey. The desk research method has been followed to review the real literature on the subject. Both primary and imprimaturary data were composed to prep ar the report.The main sources of the primary data to prep be the all(a)iance pen and its coiffureance had been collected from presidential terms web site and the come to with HR motorbus of Royal detonating device Limited and secondary data collected from the web site and books for the purpose of preparing the literature part. 1. 5Scope of the report The report is prepared on the basis of direct supervision and collection and summary of primary and secondary data. It tenders assertation of a successful broker house, its blueprint and prospect of HR and Admin department.It post guide and give complete estimation to a learner and invitees about(predicate) broker house and its activities. This report alike leads gridlines to a learner about practice of HR and functions and responsibilities of HR and admin department. 1. 6Limitations of the report The study has been conducted subject to certain limitation. The rate of success of my study may be limited as I might have failed to collect proper information due to lack of my experience, some(a) data could non be supp stayd for their confidentiality and official secrecy. The secondary sources of data were non available and well organized.In rundown to the preceding(prenominal), RCL is a private limited comp any(prenominal), which does not does not set aside with all in all the necessary information as strike due to their sensitiveness and militantness in regard to its competitors. In spite of these limitations, I have tried my dress hat to pinpoint various findings of this company. I, therefore, hope that the study reserve be evaluated sub ject to the recognition of the above limitation. 1. 7MY WORKING AREA As I complete MBA program major in HRM from department of way Studies, University of Chittagong my interest was to know the HR practice in real life in the faces.I got the opportunity to work in the HR department of Royal uppercase Limited under HOD-HR manager. My internship topic was functions &038 responsibilities of HR &038 Admin department of Royal Capital Limited. My governing body supervisor divine emoluments me to closely work with the functions and responsibilities perform by them to successful continuation of a company in the competitive railway line environment. Chapter 2 Company Overview 2. 1Royal Capital limited Royal Capital Limited is a leading equity brokerage house in the country.It has diverse clientele of institutions, high net worth persons, foreign m mavintary election and retail investors which help to success in the merchandise. Royal Capital Limited was established in 1995 and ove r eon become star of the jumbost trite broking companies in the country. Side by side it has overly dealership licences. Its a member of Dhaka and Chittagong hold replacement. Its authorized capital is TK cl million paid-up capital is TK 65 million. in that respect are 12 offices and branches of Royal Capital Limited situated in Dhaka, Chittagong, Feni, Jessore, Bogra and Khulna.Its corporate drumhead office is located in Chittagong. Its number of employees is 110. The number of benefactive role proprietor beak holders is 37,112. Its daily h 1st rescindover is US $ 1. 7 million. The commercialize percentage of Royal Capital Limited is 1. 20%. Royal Capital Limited is a amazeory participant of important Depository Bangladesh Limited. Mr. A. Q. I Chowdhury, OBE is the chairman of the company, a prominent business privateity of the country. He has a good track platter of running the manufacturing and good oriented transnational company like James Finlay Plc for the last 20 years.He was awarded by Her excellence Queen Elizabeth II the Order of British Empire (OBE) for his contribution to the participation and ethical business. Under his leadership a young dedicated, skilled master copy team up has been lift to render the service as required by customers. 2. 1. 1Mission The mission of Royal Capital Limited is to develop the company into an nonpareil and antique m superstar(a)tary institution by providing excellent financial service to its customers. 2. 1. 2Objectives of Royal Capital Limited Success of an investor depends on good dread of market, certain information, sound fund solicitude and danger planning.Royal Capital Limited is the right place to develop all those services. It has already gained confidence of Investors of all class for its sincere efforts to assist client in every(prenominal) attainable way. Objectives of Royal Capital Limited are as follows ? To help client understand investment choices. ? To provide cartrid ge holderly narration and transaction information that accurately reflects the investment conditions of the client. ? To Build and justify clients trust. ? Provide clients with frank, cartridge cliply feedback on how we are doing and how we piece of tail mitigate our service to clients. 2. 1. 3ManagementRoyal Capital Limited has a policy devising body which consists of 7 members of whom 2 are elected. The board comprises of whizz head, one Managing Director, cardinal directors and 2 members. It has provision for 23,000 clients. The executive power of RCL is vested with the Department autobus. 2. 1. 4Sister c formerlyrns The followings are the concern business of Royal Capital Limited ? Royal backup International ? Royal Cuisine ? Royal Garden. 2. 2Major businesses and product divisions As a broker house Royal Capital Limited perform following activities ? Brokerage professivitiesRoyal Capital limited provides work execution activities for clients in Dhaka and Chittagong Stock Exchange under Securities &038 Exchange Commissions Law. ? Dealer news report The SEC Act defines a dealer as someone who is prosecute in the business of buying and selling securities for his own flyer that would require their registration as a dealer under SEC Act. too Royal Capital limited has a dealer Account, see empurpled CAPITAL LTD. B. O ID 1201590000001005. ? Stock Broking Account The affect of investing in the allocate market, both individually or through a broker is cognize as linage broking.Stock broker is alike an individual who makes stock trades on behalf of his or her clients. ? Margin Loan Margin loans are interpreted to finance the purchase of securities, usually the purchase of stock ( alike known as equity). Margin loans normally are extended by the same financial services firm (stock brokerage firm or securities firm) that the customer uses to trade in the security in question. The maximum value of a adjustment loan relative to the value of the underlying securities is set by the SEC. from apiece one(prenominal) firm is free to implement more stringent lending policies than positive by the SEC. Margin Loan Activities &038 Agreement of RCL In this segment Royal provide ii kinds of A/C Cash This type of account asks to client deposit cash and hence client give the bounce use that cash to buy stocks, bonds, mutual funds or different investments. integrally some ms client flowerpot take loan for buying securities, its providing for short epoch. Its too called unauthorized loan. Margin With a bank account the broker lends a plowshare of the funds at the quantify of purchase and the security acts as collateral. The loan in the account is collateralized by the securities and cash.If the value of the stock drops sufficiently, the account holder go away be required to deposit more cash or sell a portion of the stock. ? Margin Call A broker demands an investor using margin to deposit additional silver or securiti es so that the margin account brought up to the minimum maintenance margin. Margin calls occur when an account value depresses to a value calculated by the brokers particular formula. This is sometimes called a federal official call or maintenance call. ? Margin facilities of Royal Capital LimitedA financial institution moldiness have some written guidelines on the credit blessing process and the approval regime of individuals or deputations as well as the basis of those decisions. Royal Capital Limited provides credit facilities to the customer as per Margin Rules, 1999. ? Margin peril Management Process Margin risk management process should tail the entire margin cycle startleing from the origination of the margin in a financial institutions books to the point the margin is do away with from the books. ? Internet Trading Service (ITS) This is a border less traffic system.Investor who have access to internet take part in share market from any part of the terra firma, and muckle do his own buy-sale at own pace. Investor interested to may be able to log on to www. bangladeshtockmarket. com to get all the relevant information on the Internet duty and as well as for trading. ? Real time trading facility in two Dhaka &038 Chittagong Stock Exchanges A client fecal matter trade any bourse simultaneously from any of our branches. ? Xpress Settlement On selling shares through Xpress shutdown cheque is issued on the same twenty-four hour period &038 not on the swap payout date.This money can then be withdrawn contiguously. ? Any start Trading Facility RCL is big(p) any branch trading facility to its client. ? Depository Service A depository is an organization formed to provide electronic depository facilities to share holder under prevailing honor in the electronic form through the medium of depository participants (DPS). The Central depository Bangladesh Ltd (CDBL) is the only depository in Bangladesh, which is setup and governed by the Securiti es and Exchange Commission of Bangladesh (SEC).RCL is among the few Depository Participant (DP) in the country and the beginning(a) DP who started related service right from introduction of this in the country. ? Beneficiary Owner (BO) Account A BO account is mandatory for applying IPO shares and also for trading of CDBL shares in secondary market. By opening a BO account with RCL you can enjoy both facilities. ? Demat Securities Dematerialization is the process of converting physical securities in electronic form. RCL is trusted name in providing that service for its client. ? PledgeDepository service with RCL allows you to pledge demated securities with any bank or financial institution to avail loan. ? Research Activities This is one of the issues that the Royal Capital Limited management was very much skillful about and wherefore put due emphasis according to the command of the capital market. Stock business is information based. Right information at the right time in the ri ght place is the shopping centre of the game. So RCL publish some very informative and analytical publications intended to help explore the financial action of the call for uped organization so that the client can take wise investment decision. . 3Board of directors Chairman Mr. A Q I Chowdhury, OBE chief operating officer &038 MD- Mr. Munir Ahmed Director- Ms Jesmin Islam Chowdhury Director- Mr. Sami Chowdhury Director- Mr. Saadi Chowdhury SWOT Analysis of Royal Capital Limited imperious Negative Strength(s) Weakness(w) Internal Good volition. Inadequate IT system. Factors Credibility. Lack of trained ersonnel. Strong financial condition long financial choice. Absence of risk management estimate. wanting(p) research and breeding. Efficient and experience management team. Lack of strategical planning. egg on service. Transparency. Never a default to client and to DSE, CSE and CDBL. Opportunity(O) Threats(T) External Immense scope to increase tra de. Entry of new competitor. Factor Increased competition. Share market crisis. 2. 4Organogram of RCL Royal capital Limited at A Glance Name of the company Royal Capital Limited. Type of company Private limited.Date of incorporation 1st April 1995. Member Registered No Dhaka Stock Exchange Ltd. enrolment No. 3. 1/Dse-21/2006 Chittagong Stock Exchange Ltd. Registration No 3. 21/CSE-121053 Authorized capital BDT 150 million. Paid up capital BDT 65 million. No. of Offices &038 sectiones 12 No. of employees 110 Number of BO holders 37,112 Daily average turnover US$ 1. 7million Market share 1. 20% Chairman of the company Mr. A Q I Chowdhury, OBE CEO &038 MD Mr. Munir Ahmed Administration 07 members Board of Directors musical arrangement Address Corporate OfficeFinlay House (Ground Floor), Agrabad C/A, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Chapter 3 literary works Review 3. 1 tender imagination Management HRM involves all kind of decisions related with tender resource. HRM can be define as a particularized compounding of HR practices, work structures and process that maximizes employees knowledge, skill, commitment and flexibility. Storey (1995) defines HRM as a distinctive approach to employment management which seeks to obtain competitive favor developed showing how HRM practices leads to overall corporate transaction.According to Khatri (1999), wad are one of the most important factors providing flexibility and adaptability to organizations. Rundle (1997) argues that one withdraws to ante up in mind that people (managers), not the firm, are the adaptive mechanics in determining how the firm volition respond to the competitive environment. several(prenominal) scholars have noted that managing people is more difficult than managing technology or capital (Barney, 1991 Lado and Wilson, 1994). 3. 1. 1Human imagery Management Nature Human alternative Management is a process of bringing people and organizations together so that the terminals of for each on e are met.HRM practices refer to organizational activities directed at managing the pool of compassionate resources and ensuring that the resources are employed towards the fulfillment of organizational goals (Schuler &038 Jackson, 1987 Schuler &038 MacMillan, 1984 Wright &038 Snell, 1991). Redman and Matthews (1998) identify an HRM bundle of place practices which support service organizations quality strategies, these being ? Careful recruitment and filling, for example, derive quality recruitment, zero defects recruitment, right first time recruitment. ? Extensive remuneration systems, for example, bonuses available for ply forgeting to be multi-skilled. Team working and flexible play design, for example, encouraging a hotshot of cohesiveness and designing empowered put-ons. ? procreation and learning, for example, front line mental faculty having enhanced inter individualised and social skills. ? Employee involvement, for example, keeping employees informed of key cha nges in the organization. ? consummation judgements with links to contingent reward systems, for example, gathering customer feedback to signalise the work by employees over and above their expected duties, which in turn is likely to lead to a bonus for module. 3. 1. 2Human Resource Management ObjectivesHuman Resource Management (HRM) is about matching employment practices to an organizations system, according to Hendry (1999, p. 3). In Torrington, Hall and Taylors (2008) opinion, its objectives are to stop that organizations are well runged and that those employees are well treated, motivated and committed to their work to provide best exertion. ? To help the organization reach its goals. ? To visualise effective workout and maximum organic evolution of human resources. ? To ensure respect for human beings. To identify and satisfy the needs of individuals. To ensure reconciliation of individual goals with those of the organization. ? To strain and husband high morale a mong employees. ? To provide the organization with well-trained and well-motivated employees. ? To increase to the fullest the employees labor cheer and self- unfeignedization. ? To develop and maintain a quality of work life. ? To be ethically and socially responsive to the needs of order of magnitude. ? To develop overall person-to-personity of each employee in its multidimensional aspect. ? To enhance employees capabilities to perform the pre displace line of products. To equip the employees with precision and clarity in transaction of business. ? To inculcate the sense of team spirit, team work and inter-team collaboration. 3. 1. 3The HRM Department is liable for ? Understanding and relating to employees as individuals, thus identifying individual needs and public life goals. ? Developing positive interactions between workers, to ensure collated and structural enterprise productivity and development of a uniform organizational culture. ? rate areas that suffer lack of knowledge and insufficient re labor, and accordingly provide curative measures in the form of workshops and seminars. Innovate new operating practices to minimize risk and generate an overall sense of belonging and accountability. ? Recruiting the required workforce and making provisions for expressed and promised payroll and benefits. ? Implementing resource strategies to subsequently create and move competitive advantage. ? Empowerment of the organization, to successfull meet strategic goals by managing lag effectively. ? The human resource department also maintains an open demeanor to employee grievances.Employees are free to approach the human resource team for any conceived query or any form of on-the-job stress that is bothering them. ? Performance of employees is also actively evaluated on a regular basis. Promotions are conducted and are predominantly based on the overall performance of the individual, accompanied by the yoke or tenure he has served the organization. The Human resource department also looks at the possibilities of the employee migrating from one job to another, maintaining the hierarchy in the company and considering the constancy of smirch and the lucre obtained over a period of time. 3. 2Functions of HRMThe Human Resources Management (HRM) function includes a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding the staffing needs of an organization and whether to use independent fightors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and study the best employees, ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices line up to various regulations. Human resource department of an organization consist of all human resource management functions. Job Analysis Job psychoanalysis is one of the most important task that performed by the HR staff.Through job analysis the vacant position is find out and the job commentary and job specification is prepared. Jo b description Job description is an organized and factual statement of the duties and responsibilities for a particular job. Job Specification It is a statement of minimum acceptance of human qualities necessary to perform a job properly. The company selects employees according to job specification. 1. Recruitment Recruitment involves meddling for and obtaining qualified job views in such numbers that the organization can select the most tolerate person to fill its job needs.In addition to filling job needs, the recruitment activity should be concerned with solid the needs of the job vistas. pic Methods of recruitment Job posting The organization announces position openings through bulletin boards, company publications, and internet/intranet. Skills inventories Manual or computerized positive records listing employees education, career and development interests, languages, finicky skills, and so on to be used in forecasting inside candidates for progression. 2. Succession c ookerySuccession planning refers to the plans a company makes to fill its most important executive positions. It involves analysis of the demand for managers and professionals by company level, function, and skill and planning of individual career paths based on objective estimates of proximo needs and drawing on reliable performance approximations and assessments of potential. 3. pickax The selection criteria for a position are a list of the essential and desirable skills, attributes, experience, and education which an organization decides is necessary for a position. blackguard-1 Job analysis Job analysis manner developing job-related information. Its the starting point in the selection plan and, for that matter, in the entire recruitment and selection process Conducting a job analysis spark by generally describing the purpose of the job. Define the major work processes the employee does. These are the duty statements. Decide which duties are essential Essential duties are either critical to the job or they take up a large percentage of time. Identify the KSBs take to do the major duties and responsibilities. Minimum qualifications (MQs) pick out the knowledge, skills, and behaviors (KSBs) needed to perform the major duties of a job upon entry to the job Developing minimum qualifications Using the job analysis, identify the KSBs that are necessary on the first day of the job. ? Step-2 Identifying selection procedures Following job analysis, the second stage in developing a selection plan is deciding how you will evaluate applicants and select the best person for the job. provision and experience evaluations This method, often called TE, looks at an applicants reproduction and experience as they relate to the job. supplementary Questions Supplemental questions give applicants specific guidelines to describe the competencies they gained through training and experience. indite outpourings Written tests can be good selection tools, but they arent always practical. Written exams cost a lot of time and money to develop. Performance tests Performance tests involve having an applicant perform small samples of an actual duty. Examples include Physical tests Physical tests often include endurance or strength measurements, which could adversely impact on women, older workers, and others. References If not do well, reference checks can result in the same problems as informal, unorganised converses. Work Sample A work sample is some indubitable thing an applicant has produced. It should represent the applicants level of competence in a specific area. Interview The oral interview remains the most universal selection procedure, but they also need to be valid and consistent. checkup examination- Medical tests are conducted to ensure physical fitness of the potential employee. It will decrease chances of employee absenteeism. appointment garner- A reference check is made about the candidate selected and then fina lly he is appoint by giving a formal appointment garner. 4. Human Resource development Human Resources maturement (HRD) is a framework for the expansion of human capital inside an organization through the development of both the organization and the individual to strike performance improvement. HRD includes the areas of training and development, career development, and organization development pic cultivation and development means acquiring knowledge, developing competencies and skills, adopting behaviors that improve performance in underway jobs.Organization development is the diagnosis and design of systems to assist an organization with planning change. move development is the activities and processes for mutual career planning and management between employees and organizations. 5. druthers &038 TRAINING afterward recruiting &038 selecting next step is to orientation &038 train the employees. To ensure break performance, employees must know what to do &038 how to do, to know this they have to go through orientation. Training Need Assessment A needs assessment is the process of identifying the gap between performance required and current performance.The purpose of a training needs assessment is to identify performance requirements and the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed by an organizations workforce to achieve the requirements. The assessment should delivery resources needed to fulfill organizational mission, improve productivity, and provide quality products and services. 6. Performance Management And Appraisal Performance management is a process that consolidates goal setting, performance appraisal and development into a single roughhewn system, the remove of which is to ensure that the employees performance is supporting the companys strategic aims. . Compensation and benefits Compensation is the financial remunerations given by the organization to its employees in exchange for their work. Employee compensation refers to all forms of pay or rewards going to employees and arising from their employment. there are two main components of employee compensation ? Direct financial payments wages, salaries, incentives, commissions, bonuses. ? corroborative payments employer paid damages and vacations. Types of benefits are as follows Pay for time not worked It is also called Supplement Pay Benefits.It is generally an employers most dearly-won benefits because of the large amount of time off that numerous employees receive. Common time off pay periods include Holidays, Vacations, Maternity leave, Sick leave, Personal days, Unemployment restitution payments for laid-off or terminated employees. amends benefits workers compensation, health &038 disability insurance, mental health benefits and life insurance. Retirement benefits pension plans, retirement benefits and survivors or death benefits. Services personal services credit kernel and guidance services. Chapter 4 Findings 4. HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT of RC L Human Resource Management has come to be recognized as an inherent part of management, which is concerned with the human resources of an organization. Besides all other departments Royal Capital Limited also has a HR department. HR omnibus is responsible person the planning the Human Resource Policy in the organization. The basic Organogram of the Human Resource Department of RCL is as follows Manager (HR) representative Manager jockstrap Manager cured decision maker decision maker Jr. administrator The role of Human Resource department of RCL is as follows ? Human resource planning, recruitment and selection. ? Making Human Resource Policy. ? Under taking training programs for skill development. ? Ethical issues and codes of conduct ? Maintain liaison with the administrative manager. ? Grievances treatment of the employees. ? Keep proper security of the company assets. ? To arrange promotions for staffs. Maintain personal files &038 records of employees. ? Conductin g motivational programs. ? Taking care of in-house cleanliness, health and safety. 1. Human Resource planning Human resource planning is a process that identifies current and future human resources needs for an organization to achieve its goals. hands planning is the process by which an organization can engage the right number of people for the right job at the right time. The men needs of RCL reviewed doubly in a year. The province of HR readiness is on HOD-HR. RCL follow the following steps for effective human resource planningStep 1 Analysis of existing positions An analysis of all post make with respect to the requirement of those posts for the current and future functioning of the organization. They use tailor analysis and ratio analysis for forecasting personnel needs. Step 2 Estimation of job vacancies The number of job vacancies which will occur in the coming year estimated considering the following matters ? Promotions ? Demotions ? Separation due to Retirement, Re signation and/or Dismissal Creation of new position due to increased work load, i. e. Workload P = No. Of peopleStep 3 Taking stocks of the existing men skills Then a list is prepared of each employee which apprehends his/her name, educational qualification, experience in each trade/position, area of specialization, special award received, majuscule achievements etc. Step 4 Arriving at the net manpower requirements &038 initiating pass on activities The gross manpower requirements, assessed as per Step 2 compared with the availability of existing skills arrived at Step 3. The comparison leads to one of the following situations only vacancies may be fill up up by the redeployment of existing manpower.The redeployment can be through based on the skills identified in the Performance and capability appraisals of every employee. The options sooner management are Promotions, carry-over, Retraining, reallocation of work and Job Rotation. This will occur when it is found that the re is unnecessary manpower in certain departments/sections/branches and deficit of similar skills in other departments/sections/branches. The decisions taken by the HOD-HR and the concerned HOD and the final approval of the MD. Deficit manpower skills If in spite of redeployment of personnel, deficit of skills remain in the organization the action is recruitment.In case of surplus manpower, retrenchment action will be resorted to after approval from the MD. found on the above steps the HOD-HR prepares a detailed Manpower Plan for the coming year. A copy of the Manpower Plan forwarded to all the competent authority. It is the accountability of HOD to get approval from MD. After getting the approval it is the Manpower Plan for the coming year. Then it is the responsibility of the HOD-HR to institute necessary subsequent actions based on the Manpower Plan i. e. Promotions, Transfers, Retraining, Job Rotation, Recruitment etc. fter carrying out the above Manpower supply exercise if new positions need to be added, it need to get approval from the Board. 2. Recruitment and selection of employee Recruitment involves searching for and obtaining qualified job candidates in such numbers that the organization can select the most appropriate person to fill its job needs. In addition to filling job needs, the recruitment activity should be concerned with satisfying the needs of the job candidates. 1. Recruitment RCL have a standard recruitment procedure draw as follows picPersonnel requisition form contains detail the Job specification, Job responsibility and necessary qualification, experience, and skills required for the specific post. The HOD-HR come outs the PRFs to the departmental heads as the number of the positions to be filled in that department. The departmental heads return the PRFs to the HOD-HR after filled up the forms. Based on the specifications in the PRF, the HR department will start the recruitment process. The recruitment process done through the following medium Open Recruitment This involves recruitment through advertisements.The advertisement for required post will appear in major national and regional newspapers, business magazines or in different websites of job circulation. Deputation Some vacancies filled y recruiting employees on deputation. Receipt of resume The last date for notice of resumes/applications will specified in the advertisements. Once the applications are received, they can subterfuge out by the HOD-HR. then suitable candidates are sent interview letters by the HR department. The call for test/ interview sent only short listed candidates well in advance.The letter will inform the candidates date of test/ interview, venue of the test/ interview. HR department is responsible for making the test/ interview arrangement at the appointed date, time and place. This consist of an appropriate test and interview room, a waiting room, lunch and tea for candidates and selection direction members, arrangemen ts for the reimbursement of the fare to candidates and to interview panel experts. 2. Selection RCL follow the standard selection procedure for selection of personnel All the above steps are detailed below.Selection procedure for support staff such as Drivers, Office companions, etc. , For selection of support staff the following procedure shall be adopted ? The Drivers and Office Assistants may be selected from known and reliable sources after verifying the reliability of the applicant. ? The applicant must possess basic knowledge of office environment. ? The person selected shall be appointed on probation for a period of 12 months, which shall be reviewed and if needed can be further extended up to 12 months. ? The support staff shall be selected by Managing Director (MD) on the recommendation of board of directors. picThe persons who will constitute the selection committee depend upon the position for which the interview will be conducted. ? For MD A subcommittee of the Board of Directors. ? For GM &038 DGM MD and some other members of the Board of Directors. ? For HODs The selection committee consists of the ED, GM, DGM, HOD-HR, and some experts may also be called from outside the organization to assess the candidate. The members of the presidency body can also be part of the selection committee. ? For other posts The selection committee consists of the concerned HOD, and HOD-HR. The MD involves in recruitment of all employees.Final approval of all candidates lies with the MD. The MD and HOD-HR meet to form the selection committee. The HOD-HR informs the several(prenominal) HOD of their role on the committee. An appropriate date for the interview/test is fixed with the consent of all and the selection committee informed of the same. HOD-HR is responsible for coordinating with the selection committee members. Various tests like the Language test, Performance test, Aptitude test, Intelligence test and Personality test is conducted, if required, depend ing upon their relevance and applicability for different positions.The Human Resource Department designs the above tests in computer address with the respective HODs and gets it approved by the MD. After the test, (if administered), the short listed candidates are interviewed by respective the selection committee. irrespective of the position being filled, Interviews are conducted. Each members of the selection committee fill up one approved rating form for each of the candidates. The selection committee meets, at the earliest, after all the interviews are over, to decide on the final candidates to be selected.The points s upshotd in the tests and interviews tallied and the final decision for the selected candidate taken. The list is forwarded to the MD for approval. The MD returns the list to the head of the HR department to send the letter of offer. The letter of offer informs the candidate of his/ her selection. It contains details of the post, grade and dental plate of pay be ing offered to the candidate. It also contains any special scathe and conditions of appointment. The letter also contains the proposed day and date of link, intimation of the address of joining and how to get to the address.A copy of the letter send to the selected candidate duly gestural indicating that he/ she will join on the appointed date and time. If certain terms are unacceptable to him/ her, then he/ she may inform accordingly so that negotiations may be conducted, if required. The letter of Offer duly signed by the selected candidate (after all negotiations are over, if required) will constitute the Letter of Acceptance. The objective of the appointment procedure is to ensure that the employee completes all formalities before he is given the formal appointment letter. The procedure for appointment will consist of the following steps ? Joining reportThe likely employee has to report to the HOD-HR on the appointed date. The HOD-HR then takes the employee through the appoi ntment procedure. ? Check of Certificates The appointing authority checks the protections of the prospective employee. These include his/her academic and other certificates as well as late(prenominal) experience certificates. These are cross checked with the information mentioned by the candidate in the application form. ? Check of age of candidate The appointing authority also check the age of the candidate through his/her school leaving certificate and cross check it with the age mentioned in the application form. Medical tests The candidate will be asked to undergo a medical test consisting of line of descent test, chest X-ray, blood pressure, eye test. ? General check up The organization can either appoint a doctor on contract or it can approve a panel of doctors for the employees of the society. The prospective employee shall bring the above test reports with him/ her or the doctor can send them nowadays to the organization. ? References The prospective employee is asked to furnish names and address of lead references who have known him/ her for more than two years.The HR department sends reference sheets to them and gets their responses on the persons qualifications, abilities and other traits. ? Secrecy Bond The prospective employee also signs a bond of secrecy so that confidential information is not leaked out. ? Appointment Letter After all the above steps are established the HOD-HR issues a formal Appointment letter to the selected candidate, duly signed by the MD. ? Employee Personal File As soon as an employee joins the organization, a personal file is opened on his/ her name. This file is kept confidential and maintained and is under the care of the HR department.The personal file will contain the following Joining report Ratings of Test and/ or Interviews Photocopies of academic dexterity certificates Photocopies of past employment certificates A record of the date of birth or National ID card Medical test report at the time of appoi ntment as well as any subsequent tests done. If any Comments of referees Copy of the secrecy bond All correspondence before joining including copies of the letter of Offer, Letter of Acceptance, and appointment Letter Emergency contact number and address 3. InductionInduction is the process of familiarizing a newcomer to the organization with the job, surroundings and the organization itself. RCL use the following induction process for the new employee to familiarise the job and the organization to him/her The procedure of induction consists of the following steps ? druthers of new Employee The HR department plans an induction program in consultation with the departments concerned for the newly induced employees based on experience and grade. ? Introduction to the Organization The new employee meets the HOD-HR.He explains the new employee organizations mission, objectives, culture and organizational structure. The HOD-HR also ensures that he/she gets a booklet that contains i mportant rules/ terms of service and conditions of employment. ? Advice to various departments The HR department informs the relevant department heads of the appointment of new employee. This also includes the HOD-Finance and Accounts as well as the HOD of the concern department. ? Introduction to the employees of the organization This consist the three following groups of employees The MD and GM/DGM and their immediate staff The concerned HOD and immediate superior The other employees ? Induction Training The HOD informs the employee his/her induction training schedule. ? deal of identity operator Card and Visiting Cards A formal identity card with the employees name, number, photograph and signature issued. The HR department also arrange visiting card for the employee. ? Service book Proper record of different types of leaves, performance etc of employees of the RCL for sanctioning leave, leave encashment, annual increment and performance of individual employees maintained in the service book of the employee concerned. . Compensation management All the employees of RCL receive salary and allowances as per the rules framed by the presidency body of RCL. The pay and allowances paid to the employees on the 1st date of the month following the month during which the service is performed. If the 1st day is holiday then the payment made on the afternoon of the last working day of the month for which payment is due. ? Increment Increment normally accrues on commensurate of the completion of the calendar year. The increment is granted on satisfactory performance of the employee and the approval of the MD. Special pay Special pay may be granted for discharge of additional work, work of high quality or special nature. The grant of special pay requires the approval of the MD. ? Revision of salary structure The management of RCL conducts a salary structure revision once in a year. The responsibility of revising the salary structure for all grades lie within the man agement and the authority for approval lie with the Governing ashes. pic Non-financial benefits of RCL that provided to its employees are as follows discussed Pay for time not worked ? Weekly HolidaysFriday and Saturday are calendar weekly holidays unless otherwise specified. ? Leaves The organization provides leave to the employees to refresh themselves, celebrate festivals and have a vacation. The following types of leave are allowed Annual Leave one day for every 18 days worked (Annual leave is based on the number of days worked by the employee and not given for the days during which the employee was on leave without pay) Casual leave 10 days in a calendar year. Sick leave 14 days in a year (Medical Certificate needs to be produced if leave is taken for three or more days) Maternity leave National &038 Festival Holidays organization observes the same National holidays and holidays on account of festivals and other holidays. ? Other benefits Insurance RCL provide insurance benefits to its employees. TA/DA Dearness allowances Tour expenses positivity sharing 5. Performance appraisal &038 management Performance and potential appraisal for employees of RCL is done quarterly in a year. The individual appraisal is done in Appraisal forms. The HR head send as many forms as there are employees in each department and each branch, to the department heads and branch in charge.The department heads distribute the forms to all employees who would fill up the relevant columns along with their immediate supervisors within a weeks time. Then the departmental heads give their ratings and discuss the same with the respective employees and their immediate supervisors. After completing the forms sent to the HR department for completion. individual performance Appraisal will be done at two levels ? Initiating function This would lie with the immediate superior of the appraisee. ? evaluate Authority This would lie with the HODs /MD/Chairman as the case may be.The I nitiating authority and Accepting authority at different levels in SIFPSA will be as follows Performance Appraisal for the MD The initiating and accepting authority would lie with the Chairman of the Governing Body of RCL. Performance Appraisal for the GM The initiating authority would be the MD and the accepting authority would be the Chairman of the Governing Body of RCL. Performance Appraisal for Grade IX employees. GM shall be Initiating / Reviewing Authority and Managing Director shall be the Accepting Authority. Performance Appraisal for Grade I to VIII employees Initiating Authority shall be the Departmental Managers of the division concerned. Reviewing Authority shall be the GM and Accepting Authority shall be the Managing Director. Organization performance appraisal The MD, GM, and Heads of the departments will meet to discuss the performance of RCL as a whole. They will assess the achievements of the organization since the last appraisal, causes for delay/ non-achieveme nts, corrective measures, and the tasks for the organization cashbox the next appraisal. 6. Training and developmentTraining is the process of teaching new employees the basic skills they need to perform their jobs. On the other hand Management development means any attempt to improve current or future management performance by imparting knowledge, changing attitudes, or increasing skills. ? role During the Performance and Potential Appraisal, the training needs of individuals and departments will be identified. The HR head prepare a list of training needs and categorize them into Technical, Managerial, and Behavioral. He/ She will also circulate the days and dates of the various training programs to be organized in the next one year.The training programs should ideally begin after the recruitment process is over so that new employees can also be trained along with the regular employees of the organization. Kinds of Training The various trainings that will be imparted are as follo ws Training conducted by a society employee This type of training is essentially conducted by an experienced employee of RCL. It is conducted when some skills are to be transferred to another person within the society or to train new employees. Training conducted by outside agenciesThis training is conducted when new skills are to be imparted to the employees of the organization. The HR department identifies agencies and experts who can impart relevant training. The HR department also has to arrange the training conducted in the organization or outside it. ? Training Impact Assessment hence training and development programs play an important part in the legato and effective functioning of the organization. The impact of such programs on the functioning of the organization also assessed periodically. The responsibility of such assessment is of HOD-HR.The period of assessment is from one month to a year after the program has been conducted or on the spot assessment. Based on these assessments the organization decides to discontinue the particular program. It can also decide to change the trainer in order to improve the impact of such training. 6. rush planning &038 growth Career Planning is concerned with providing experiences that will enable employees to develop their full potential. Procedure RCL designs avenues for career planning and growth of the employees and its compensation package such as to commit and keep the best managerial talent.Career planning and growth of the organization, take place through the following steps pic Career Planning Performance and Potential Appraisal is an indication of the employees accomplishments and his/ her potential Training and its applications show how readily he/ she is able to adapt to new roles and responsibilities. The employee have to take opening in his/ her own career planning by setting targets for himself/ herself and fitly getting nominated for training in areas which he/ she needs to develop. Based on the above, management encourages career planning and growth for all the employees of RCL. Career Growth Career Growth depends upon the performance of the employee and the avenue open for him/ her in his/ her own or other departments due to exit of superiors. If the employee needs special skills to occupy those positions, appropriate training arranged for him/ her. The Appraisal committee decides the promotion of the employee and indicates future avenues of growth. Promotion also takes place through transfer of employees from one department to the other or from one location of operation to another. The management consults the employee on whether such a promotion is acceptable to him/ her or not. Promotions The HOD HR prepares the following letters at the end of the Appraisal Committee deliberations The above letters are approved by the MD and sent to the employee. 7. diametrical TYPICAL HR FUNCTIONS OBSERVED IN RCL RCL authority provides opportunity to the students from different institutions, to take part in their internship program. This type of programs continues for 2- 3 months. As RCL is a giant organization in the area of capital market, there is ample opportunity for the students who engaged there for internship, to gather lots of practical experiences, which will be fruitful for their career.Another most comprehensive responsibility for the HR department of RCL. The executives of HR department in RCL are responsible to develop the personal files of different employees. For that they have to always keep close contract with every employee to collect their profile and to update their personal history, which are kept into a different format prescribed by the RCL authority. Its a common responsibility for all the departmental heads of Royal Capital Limited to give daily briefing to their executives about the particular responsibility for the day.For example the commerce Manager of RCL It involves discussions- it means that is an act of communication and the general objective of counseling is to understand and/or decrease an employees emotional disorder. Counseling is voluminous in all aspects of the employer-employee relationship. 1. Analysis and gap between theory and practice After analyzing and comparing the literature with the functions and responsibilities of HR &038 Admin department of RCL it is found that RCL follows a well established HR policy to recruit and to guide its human resource.But there are some gap between the theory and practice which need addressed to make its human resources more competitive and achieve organizational goals. Chapter 5 Recommendations &038 Conclusions 5. 1Key policy recommendations Develop a strategic HR function ? Review the configuration and staffing of the HR function to transform it into a strategic HR function. ? Develop a service improvement plan that reflects customer feedback and builds on the work started at the HR away day. ? refocus the work of the HR team on the OD agenda and the elegant HR strategy and implement an associated development program for HR staff.Review and develop the HR strategy ? The HR strategy should capture the employer brand of RCL, and focus directly on achieving the vision and developing the required culture. ? Communications/ employee mesh and workforce development planning should be key strands. ? Review core values and develop the new vision into a practical strategy and change program that all staff can understand. Align Training and Development to OD ? Create a separate training and development department for the employees. ? Refocus corporate training and development to ensure that core training eflects and reinforces the OD agenda. Performance management ? Performance standards should be delimit in quantifiable and measureable terms which easily understood able to the employees of RCL. ? There should use the 360degree performance appraisal method to evaluate the performance of the employees. ? The employees should provide the feedback of performance appraisal so that they can improve their performance in future. 5. 2Conclusion Human resource management (HRM, HR) is the management of an organizations employees. An organization success is fully depending on proper personnel management.As a result, the organization can ensure the productivity by ensuring the proper human resource management. They provide better service facility to their employees, which in turn give the timely production and necessary activities effectively and efficiently without any hazard. It means the proper service facility and sound-working condition remains the whole organization. The stock market of Bangladesh as of today consists of stock exchanges such of Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).In modern business world stock broker house plays a vital role for their client. This research report took an endeavor to identity the brokerage house human resource mana gement practice and performance that took place within last ten-spot with special emphasis on Royal Capital Ltd. Royal Capital Limited has a HR department with highly skilled professionals who are employed to achieve organizational goals. The successes of an organization fully depend on its human capital. So it needs to provide proper guidelines, training and regular developing with the changes in the business world to achieve the market share and rganizational goals. References 1. Organizations web site. 2. HR manuals of Royal Capital Limited. 3. Dessler G. (2004), Human Resource Management, 11th edition, Prentice Hall. 4. Management, Heinz Weigh rich, Harold Koontz 10th edition. 5. A b c d Thomas N. Garavan, Pat Costine, and Noreen Heraty (1995). Training and Development Concepts, Attitudes, and Issues. Training and Development in Ireland. Cengage Learning EMEA. pp. 1. ISBN 1872853927. 6. Derek Torrington, Laura Hall, and Stephen Taylor (2004). Human Resource Management. Pearson Education. pp. 363.ISBN 0273687131. 7. meshing site, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 8. Storey, J. (1995). natural perspectives on human resource management. New York Rutledge. 9. Beatty, R. W Schneier, C. E (1997). New Human Resources roles to impact organizational performance From partners to players. In D. Ulrich, M. R Losey &038 G. Lake (Eds), Tomorrows HR Management 48 Thought leaders call for change, pp. 69-83. 10. Public Sector and Management Act (May 9, 2001), Advertising, Selection, Appointment, Transfer and Promotion, Employment Instruction Number-1,from http//www. ocpe. nt. gov. u/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/9791/ei01. pdfpicpic picpic &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 Junior administrator major(postnominal) Executive Senior Executive Senior Executive Senior Executive Executive Junior Executive Executive Junior Executive Executive Junior Executive Executive Activities of RCL ? Stock Broking ? Cash Account ? Margin Account ? Internet Trading Service (ITS) Real tim e trading facility in both DSE &038 CSE ? Xpress Settlement ? Any Branch Trading Facility ? Depository Service ? BO Account ? Demat Securities ? Pledge Functions of HRM ? HR planning. ? Recruitment, selection &038 placement Training &038 development ? Performance Appraisal ? Transfer ? Remuneration ? Social security &038 welfare of employees. ? Setting general and specific management policy ? Collective bargaining, contract negotiation and grievance handling. ? Staffing the organization. ? authority Analysis for job occupants. ? Job Rotation. ? eccentric Circle, Organization development and Quality of Working Life. ? Benefits Health care insurance Life insurance baulk insurance Retirement Voluntary accidental death and dismemberment insurance Leave Transfer Program Tuition Assistance Plan Training opportunities Junior Executive Executive Senior Executive Junior Executive Executive Senior Executive Junior Executive Executive Senior Executive GM Assistant Manager Assistant M anager Assistant Manager Assistant Manager Deputy Manager Deputy Manager Deputy Manager Deputy Manager Deputy Manager Deputy Manager Deputy Manager Chairman &038 Board of Directors Manager (HR) Manager (Compliance) Manager (C. C) Manager CDBL &038 Settlement) Manager (IT) Manager (Fin &038 Acc) Manager (Trade) Managing Director Assistant Manager Assistant Manager Assistant Manager