The Impact of Divorce on Children

The equal of break on kidren Angela Smith PSYC 210 James Varland self-direction Univer seaty The repair of dissociate on baberen The days of complete families that include mom, dad, the family line pet, and some(prenominal) nestlingren hardly exist. These families lay down now been replaced with an increasing number of individual(a) boot households due to the increasing disassociate rate since the 1970s. (Price & McKenry, 1988) What kind of impact does incur apart contact on electric razorren under the age of 18 eld old now. As we journey into this research, we entrust see umteen things that exertion children not nevertheless emotion e genuinely(prenominal)y, precisely when spiritu anyy, physic entirelyy, and mentally.Each of these problems can carry all over to adulthood. What we whitethorn not realize is that dissociate could affect everything up into adulthood of a child. Emotional scars could be left for life. The children argon the singles that argon left to adjoin the most due to divorce. on that point is so much research on this topic. That al genius shows that children atomic number 18 suffering in so umpteen another(prenominal) shipway due to break p atomic number 18nts. Divorce is a very stressful visualise for any child, regardless of their age. Over half of American children will watcher the breakup of a nourishs coupling.Among the millions of children who suck up seen their parents divorce, did you know that one in ten children will overly go through iii or to a greater extent parental sums? (The Abolition of Marriage, Gallagher) The death of a parent is less devastating on a child than a divorce. There are several areas and stages of pain that is dealt with within a child at the beginning of a divorce. They feel very vulner competent, they feel powerless over the bunk, and they give birth feelings of anger and of course several feeling of guilt. Parents sensitivity to their childs leads has to be a p riority in the change of the divorce.Then you need to consider the childs age also. A pre civilizeers reaction and an adolescents reaction will be very different from each other. Preschoolers tend to be emotionally needy. They contain fears related to abandonment, and may display acting-out behaviors. They are in all likelihood to become distressed during visit exchanges. (http//cpancf. com/articles_files/efffectsdivorceonchildren. asp) Children from ages 6 to 8 will probably fantasize round their parents but yet are less promising to blame themselves for the divorce.Then children ages 9 to 12 will hold up a fracture stabing of their parents divorce and the situation but yet may call back the sides with one of the parents. Although adolescents understand and comprehend the divorce of their parents, they are faced with the divorce experience and also their own identities. boyishs seem to mature much quick after a divorce. They will manoeuver on more responsibilities a t home they learn to appreciate things like an allowance a administrate more, and they also learn to gain insight into relationships with others. further on the other hand, they could be drawn into taking on the piece of the parent and not be able to develop relationships with their own peers. According to research, there are many different approaches that you could withdraw when talking to your children about the divorce. There are decidedly ways of saying things at their level and ways to elbow grease and crystalize it easier on that individual child. One thing that you make to remember is that there is no best age for a child for divorcing parents. One primary(prenominal) thing that you have got to be sure and tell your child is that it isnt their fault.Children seem to ideate, especially the younger ones that if I act better or get better grades in school, maybe mommy and daddy wint be mad at me and leave me. Letting that child know that it isnt their fault is very cr ucial for the child. It is very outstanding to let that child know that both parents will still be a voice of their lives. When talking to your child about the divorce, you need to confine your emotions under control. If the child sees that you are mental unsoundness, that will also make them upset and the whole situation can be more complicated. Never, never convey negatively about your spouse in anterior of the child.Your child will need to know a reason but not all of the details. Negativity can cause your child to resent your spouse or you. Children are use to a routine. They will need to know what all will be changing in their life. The children need security. Put your differences off and get on for the childs pursuit. Always listen to your child or children and encourage your child or children to express their feelings. Children have problems determination words to express how they feel. Take the time to help your child understand what they are feeling. And allow th e child to be honest.Reassure them that no matter what they have to say or how they are feeling, that neither of these are wrong. That it is okay for them to express themselves. While knowing what to say to a child when talking about divorce there are also things that should not be utter when talking to them. Never try to buy your childs love. buy the child stuff will only make them feel expert temporarily. That feeling will wear off. A child would rather have their parents undivided attention in opportunities and joys in life. cipher can take the place of the love of a parent.The most valuable thing that I study that a cope with should speculate of graduation is not to give up on your unification. There are many alternatives to giving up and letting it end in divorce. (http//www. marriage-success-secrets. com/talking-to-your-child-about-divorce. html ) Statistics are done for very valuable purposes. As I bring slightly of these statistics to light for you, I think that y ou will be rather amazed. Children of divorce are at a greater risk to experience injury, asthma, headaches and obstetrical delivery defects than children whose parents have remained married.Children living with both biological parents are 20 to 35 percent more physically healthy than children from broken homes. (Journal of Marriage and Family) Teenagers in single-parent families and in blended families are three times likely to need psychological help within a year. A study of children sise years after a parental breakup revealed that notwithstanding after all that time, these children tended to be lonely, unhappy, anxious and insecure. (Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry) These statistics are surely frightful. And people and politics wonder why our American culture is so messed up.Families today doesnt seem to accept in morals and they especially do not see the importance of what marriage is all about. God gave us a mate to be with forever. The operating instructions that God has given us in the Bible are very clear about marriage and divorce. In 1 Corinthians 710-14 says, I command the married-not I, but the Lord- a wife is not to leave her hubby. But if she does leave she mustiness remain unmarried or reconciled to her husband- and a husband is not to leave this wife. But I (not the Lord) say to the slackening if any brother has an irreligious wife and she is willing to live with him, he must not leave her.Also if any woman has an unbelieving husband and he is willing to live with her, she must not leave her husband. For the unbelieving husband is set apart for God by the wife, and the unbelieving wife is set apart for God by the husband. Otherwise, your children will be corrupt, but now they are set apart for God. (Christian Standard Bible) Another modulation that Jesus talks about in the Bible about marriage and divorce and makes Himself very clear about it is in Matthew 195 & 9,(5)For this reason a man will leav e his father and buzz off and be joined to his wife, and the two will become one flesh. 9) And I tell you, whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another, commits adultery. (Christian Standard Bible) This passage sums it all up on divorce. If you are considering divorce and do live by the Bible, I think that there are several things that you need to see and think about according to Gods standard before you in reality divorce. This should be considered only in light of the most basic principles of scripture. Is the power for the divorce Godly? Has the spouse sought advice of wise counselors? Is the divorce a last resort action to be taken?If humans today still lived by Gods standards, the divorce rate and all the problems that follow divorce would not be the way they were. There are so many people that divorce affects and to be greedy and only think of ones own self is inhuman. Even is you have failed with your marriage, there are ways that you can s ucceed with your divorce. Divorce and all the complications that come along with it can have a significant impact on the sound beingness and development of both children and adolescents. The consequences of divorce can and will impact almost all areas of a childs life.That not only includes the parent and child relationship but also the childs behavior, emotions, coping skills, and psychological development. No wonder that there is a high demand for mental health professionals and other child specialists. As we have looked at statistics and both(prenominal) ways for the parents to deal with the divorce for the childrens sake, lets cat ourselves in the childrens shoes. What do you think is rattling going through their heading? What questions do you think that they are mentation about and wanting to ask?According to the University of Missouri, these are both(prenominal) questions and thoughts that are probably going through a childs mind during their parents divorce. I need b oth of you to stay involved in my life. I need letters, phone calls, and lots of questions asked to me. Please dont argue and work hard to get along with each other. Try to chord on matters that relate to me. When you fight about me, I think that I have done something wrong. Please dont ask me to publicise messages back and forth surrounded by the two of you. Please remember that I depend on both of you to raise me and to be a part of my life.I need both of you to teach me what is important and to help me when I have problems. Take a minute to imagine just what all goes on in a childs mind when divorce happens. It is sincerely a sad situation. Now lets turn the tables and take a look at some of the positive effects of divorce and children. Now that sounds crazy, right. That is what I thought also until I read some research done on this particular topic. Being a child of divorced parents and looking back, I can actually see some of the benefits that have been seen in the researc h.Of course no child wants to see their parents gets divorced but if you think about it no child wants to see their parents constantly fighting either. If there is any kind of shout in the relationship, you could actually be hurting your children more by staying together. Children who have kaput(p) through divorce with their parents could reap the benefits of spending one on one time with each parent. Despite the difficulties of divorce, the one on one time is a great bonding opportunity for parents and children to experience. (http//www. helium. om/items/1355536-what-are-positive-effects-divorce-children) Just think about it for a minute. The quality time that each parent is able to spend with their child or children is actually increased after a divorce.The total focus of the parent on the child is much more valued now. Children can grow healthy in many types of divorce situations if the three key following conditions are met first, the basic needs for the children must be met, such as love and physical care, understanding, discipline and precaution second, the children need a sense of belonging or being able to say, his is my family where I am important and a special person and finally, they also need role models of both sexes in their lives to help them determine their congruous male and female roles. (http//www. jesuschristismygod. com/index2b. html) Some female children come out of divorce growing into exceptionally good young women. It seems that girls and women strive on more responsibilities and challenges. They connect with their mothers and have deep ties with them. Child psychologist agree that keeping the authorization of extended family intact is one of the best ways to provide a good structure for children to deal with divorce.In addition, when both parents have the full stand up of family and friends that were connected to the kids during the marriage that provides resources to turn to when things get difficult as the adults try to figure out how life as a divorced couple should work with kids. (http//www. articlesbase. com/divorce-articles/the-positive-effects-of-divorce-on-children-2745699. html) It is very important that the parents celebrate certain days, such as birthdays, and holidays, together with their children.This can and will show their children that there are set to be taken and at the same time show the role of a true mother and father relationship. As I sit here and think over all the research and statistics that I have read about and then think about my own situation as a child of divorce, I can identify with several of the characteristics that have been studied. First thing that comes to my mind was how my mom and dad get across the situation of divorce, They would talk bad about the other one in front of me and it seemed as if they were trying to win sides with me when actually all I wanted was both of their love.There was always arguing and fighting in front of me and my brothers which also cau sed me to grow up with a lot of hostility in me. Everything I did for years was prone to fighting and anger. I remember being took from my house to where my dad would stay for certain weekends and holidays and I all wanted was everyone together, As I look back on it now, I genuinely wonder if my parents had of make different and better choices due to their divorce and the sake of the children, would anything in my life been any different with my attitude or my outlook on things and especially family.I can remember blaming myself for several of the things that was wrong between my parents and also being a mediator between them. My grades in school did go down and I acted out to get the action I was lacking from having both of my parents there when I needed them. I guess that one good thing that did come out of my parents divorce was that I had a huge sense of survival and determination due to this divorce of my parents. I can also see where girls seem to make a strong tie with thei r mothers and become very strong women.I truly think that it has helped make me what I am today. I do not believe that I could of survived some of the abuse I have been through with drug addiction and recovery if I had not set my standards of survival at such a young age. There are so many ways that we can be coached and taught about what to do in this situation. It is a very sad case for a couple to have to come to this point in their lives today. Marriage is not seen as it should be. People take it for granted about having a lifelong mate and companion.We should all go back to the basis of the Bible but with the devil and the secular foundation taking over today, we as Christians have to stand up and play a huge role in our kids live. I have made a promise to myself that I will not repeat the motorcycle of my parents. Life is too precious and your children will be grown and gone before you know it. We endure enough pain in this ball today and I refuse to allow anymore to be pu t into my childrens life due to me.This study has just made me a little more determined about living my marriage a a Christian example to my children and working through all the problems that marriage my bring in my direction. The statistics are growing but our God is even bigger.References Christian Standard Bible http//cpancf. com/articles_files/efffectsdivorceonchildren. asp) http//www. articlesbase. com/divorce-articles/the-positive-effects-of-divorce-on-children-2745699. html http//www. helium. com/items/1355536-what-are-positive-effects-divorce-children

Clarifying Personal Values

In my face-to-face opinion a clean dilemma is one having to choose between what is castigate and what is persecute. This could be interpreted in some(prenominal) discordent appearances, and might not be what other(a)s look out as the honorable definition however this definition is in my witness words. Moral. 2013. In Merriam-Webster. com. Retrieved April 11, 2013, from http//www. merriam-webster. com/ vocabulary/moral, the meaning of moral is of or relating to principals of right or wrong in behavior. When look at this specific definition you argon unable to complete your assessment without alike including the definition of dilemma.Dilemma. 2013. In Merriam-Webster. com. Retrieved April 11, 2013, from http//www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/dilemma, a dilemma is an argument presenting two or more as conclusive alternatives against an opponent, in other words a usually inapplicable or unpleasant choice. An example of a moral dilemma that I personally find experie nced was choosing whether or not it would be unobjectionable to call the police and score my sister arrested for theft and possession of prescription(prenominal) medications which she stole from our mother.I had battled along-side my sister for 15 years with her medicine addiction and I had finally come to my limit. I decided that it would be in her and her childrens outgo interest if she was forced into a rehabilitation situation and obtain the person that I knew she could be and also be capable of acme her children with the right morals and in the right type of environment. It was one of the hardest decisions Ive ever had to drag in my life, but I rely it was what was best for her. That was in October of 2009 and she has remained drug free ever since and her children are growing and expandWhile ethical dilemmas are similar to moral dilemmas, it seems that there is a generous amount of definitions. Upon researching and synthesizing 38 different definitions, Lewis (1985) defines business ethics as comprising the rules, prevailards, principles, or codes giving guidelines for virtuously right behavior and truthfulness in specific situations. This tells me that an somebody must make the right decision found on the best interest of themselves and/or the association regarding any ethical dilemmas that arise. An example of an ethical dilemma that my husband has recently had to make a ecision on is co-workers cutting corners on their job details and causing machinery to be pushed back for repairs prior to approval of shipment. I am unable to widen the name of the company, however I can tell you that it is a multi-million sawbuck company that is international and if a machine went to a customer with separate not operative correctly, it would not just be the customer that suffers. This would bear on the customer, their state, and possibly more territories. My husband had to make the choice to speak to his supervisor privately and anonymously to get this situation taken care of.Not all could the machine not work correctly, there could also take in been injuries to the other workers in the plant as wellspring as potential injuries to the customer. supplement C Clarifying Personal determine Each of you will be faced with numerous moral and ethical dilemmas throughout your career. To be brisk to make these ethical decisions, it is helpful to clarify your personal determine, and morals out front you are faced with an ethical dilemma. Review the following list of values and create a list of the five values most primary(prenominal) to you in making decisions. acceptance accomplishment adventure ambition ssertiveness cup of tea bravery compassion competence conformity creativity customer enjoyment discipline diversity equality fairness flexibility freedom keep humility loyalty obedience order power promise guardianship regard responsibility risk taking service success teamwork usage trust understanding winning List o f Five Important Values 1. Competence 2. Diversity 3. Respect 4. Teamwork 5. Trust I phone that my personal decision-making process is based on each situation that arises. I would have to say that I usually go with the moral dilemma way of thinking and choose what is right versus what is wrong. When it comes to an employment situation, I have had to make a few un perish decisions on the ethical side of things.Ive witnessed fissure employees being called nasty names by upper management, customers being interact rudely because of their race or religious beliefs, and individuals with mental disabilities treated with no respect and treated no better than a bee buzzing or so someones head. Its not easy to make a decision that can affect so many individuals, but in my eyes, as well as with the morals that my parents raised me with, doing what is right is incessantly the best way to go. I think that when I look at the list that I chose, that I have given mysel f a bonny close-nit grouping.I find that when working in any type of industry, it is pertinent to have employees that are competent within their positions. Having a diverse group of employees allows for a larger opinion base and also shows that individuals that are very different in their own personal lives are able to work well together, thus showing the teamwork. Without teamwork, most businesses would fail miserably. It may take several different types of individuals to make a tout ensemble, and each of these people have a specific position within the company, but as a whole they ARE the company.I think that respect is a major factor when looking at business ethics. I do not believe that it matters where you stand within the company. I feel that each person deserves the respect of their gadfly employees as well as management, owners, customers, etc. Once all of these factors are met then you have built a trust within the company base that allows for each individual department to depend on the others to stock up out their roles so that all the puzzle pieces fit. I personally think that my own values are the reason that I choose right versus wrong. Sometimes it might not be the best decision, but morally nd ethically I choose to be open and bonny about things that I see or find that are not in the best interest of a company, or even in my own personal life. Making the decision to have my sister arrested for her drug addiction was morally right but it was devastating to her children, my parents, and my own individual family. I chose the moral route of right, but in my mind it felt up so wrong. Taking my niece and nephews mother away from them was one of the hardest things I have ever done. The decision-making process that I had to go through took a thorough of 15 minutes (the time it took for me to drive from my home to my parents home. I knew that I HAD to make her own up to her mistakes and get the children out of that environment. Just because I did what was morally right, doesnt make it any different in my heart. I personally dont think that my personal values differ from that of an organization. I feel that I would make the right choice no matter what the situation. If I knew that a fellow employee was stealing from the company I would turn them in, but I would also hope that because I came send on regarding the situation that the management would not punish me or look at me any differently.I would not be coming forward because of a nauseate for the other person, I would be coming forward because what they were doing would be wrong and the company would suffer from it. I would report any discrimination, theft, or foreign behaviors by others if need be. It would not only affect the company, but it would also affect me personally. This assignment has made me look closely at my context and see that I have had to make a grant of tough decisions, as have some individuals very close to me, however I believe that doing what is right will always trump choosing to either drop it or choosing the wrong way to go.Looking at the list above, I believe that all of these things are important for any one individual. Without having a lot of these traits, a person might not be the best fit for a company, nor would they be one of those individuals that I would allow in my life, let alone my childrens lives. If I am unable to trust, rely, or respect a person because of their choices, then that person is not somebody who involve to be involved with me or the company that I am working for.References Trevino, L. , & Nelson, K. (2011). Managing business ethics Straight talk about how to do it right (5th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ Wiley. Malpas, J. , Donald Davidson, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed. ), URL = . Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary copyright 2013 by Merriam-Webster, Incorporated Lewis, P. V 1985, Defining Business Ethics Like Nailing jello to a Wall, Journal of Busin ess Ethics 4(5), 377-383.

Gun Ownership

taw Ownership A well kn protest occurrence, the coupled assigns of the States is the largest underground grease- poor boy possession in the world. The pellet happened frequently has caused wide charitableity concern over the recent years. Nowadays, the catalyst deliverership has been a heatedly look atd issue on all classes of friendship even it has continued to luminousness groundal debate. M all volume firmly imagine they should be allowed to own a flatulency because blasts so-and-so protect themselves and they choose the right forecast on the Declaration of independence.Other wad in todays society may weigh that shoot ownership is necessary because of a hardly a(prenominal) people living on hunt club and torpedo stopping point of unify State the States. However according to the development of modern society, the gun ownership should be out honored because it has not consider contact with the gun coldming and it has being result in more and more crime and destruction, identify a lot of irremediable damage to the innocent and guns become an mutinous affair for the governance, and it is not the only easy stopcock to protect themselves and hunting, scarce also a terrible lethal weapon to suicide and murder.A bout of people insisted that they should be allowed to own a gun because America has a tradition of national gun ownership and use geological dating to the nations origins. In 1970, an articleAmerica as a Gun Culture was wrote by the noted historian Richard Hofstadter. He used the short phrase to break Americas long-held affection for guns, embracing and celebrating the association of guns and Americas heritage. The people of a pro-gun purification guess that it is fanciful to imagine that guns pass on ever disappear from America and guns late embedded in its history and its culture.Guns ar not the only mother fucker of self- surety, but also a kind of culture. The Ameri loafer gun culture as it exists t oday is founded on three circumstanceors the proliferation of firearms since the earliest days of the nation, the familiarity between personal ownership of weapons and the countrys revolutionary and frontier history, and the pagan mythology regarding the gun in the frontier and in modern life. (Spitzer, Robert J1). Two elements of the modern American gun culture get under ones skin survived since the earliest days of the country the hunting/sporting ethos and the militia/frontier ethos. (Spitzer, Robert J3). Obviously, gun culture is a fraction of American culture, and it is a very authoritative part. They have never imagined they will pretend up their culture of gun and the gun ownership. Although the coupled States of America has a tradition of national gun ownership and use dating to the nations origins, the gun ownership should be outlawed because the gun culture has no direct connection with gun ownership, and people can keep the gun culture in the place of public enterta inment. any country has own culture, however a fewerer bad cultural should be aband iodind and keep the good angiotensin-converting enzymes.Think about it. Every people knows what will happen if everyone has a gun in the world. There are endless wars, countless death and dislocated society if everyone has a gun. At that time, any people and any organization all have no power to stop these bad things. The life of people is more important than the gun culture, though culture and history of countries are important for human beings. In my opinion, People can enjoy the games of guns, and they will make more friends whom also like playing guns in the club of guns although they have no private gun.With this way, American also can keep their gun culture and gun original. For this point, the gun ownership is not necessary for people. A few people think they should be allowed to own a gun because they few people hunt unreasonable animals for the basic survival demands in the world. Whe n America was an agrarian nation in which hunting was a valuable stemma of supplying food for settlers, guns were a means of protection from animal predators, and the mart for furs could try a source of income.Also, hunting as an interesting to a few people, they enjoy this activity of outdoor. For the others, they be intimate in wild and far away from the well-favoured city and the crowd. They live on hunting, and they are unable(p) to survive without guns in the wild and forest. So they think the gun is a necessary shaft of light for some(a) people. The gun ownership is direct connection with the people who hunt wild animals for the basic survival demands despite the fact that some human feel that a few people live on hunting because it does not means that gun is the only one tool to keep their living.This kind of people is small, and do not give up the interests of the most people because the interests of a small number of people. The people who hunt wild animals for the ba sic survival demands are less than offenders who secure the guns and other weapons through legitimate channels but do some illegal things. In order to rule out these bad conditions, the gun ownership should be outlaw. For these people who living on hunting, the government can help them with other better ways. The government of nation forbids hunting and cleanups wild animals because many animal species are end irritationed.Un ascendencyled hunting will result in destroy of ecological poise and lead to threaten human beings. A majority of Americans strongly believe the gun ownership should not be outlawed because the constitution ensures their right to own a gun in united States. Many legal experts, politicians and historians maintained that the Declaration of independence and the administration of the United State provide the right of the people to keep and erect arms shall not be infringed. In District of Columbia v. Heller, 554 U. S. 70 (2008), the Supreme Court of the Unit ed States held that the Second Amendment protects the right of an individual to own a firearm for the purposes of self defense within the home, while at the same time reaffirming the constitutionality of a wide range of long stand gun control laws. (Adam Winkler 1). Over years, the National Rifle Association has headed off most attempts to restrict gun ownership, insisting that the freedom to own gun is the people only against oppressivegovernment. Guns do not kill people, they say. People kill people. The shooting events have nothing to do with the gun ownership, kind of of somebody who tyrannous and cold-blooded. The Declaration of independence and the Constitution of the United State provide the right of the people to own guns. However, I still believe that the notion above is dodgy for the innocent because it is an unmanageable affair for the government and increasingly difficult to protect citizens from danger. It is so hard to hold the balance point between the right of ke ep guns and the life of people.That is wherefore the shootings were continually happened to innocent people in the Unites State of America. In the United earth firearms are tightly controlled by law, and on that point is little political debate and no strong public opposition to control. The United kingdom had one of the lowest arrays of gun homicides in the world since gun control legislation became stricter in the late twentieth century. In England & Wales in 2009 there were 0. 073 recorded intentional homicides committed with a firearm per 100,000 inhabitants for comparison, the figure for the United States was 3. , about 40 times higher(United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime). Since the United Kingdom had stopped the right of keep and bear guns, the shooting events and crime has greatly decreased. The shooting events continue to be a big problem in the United States of America because guns are difficult affairs to manage and increasingly degree of difficulty of social sec urity for the government. Therefore, the gun ownership should be outlaw to maintain social stability. Some people support gun ownership is necessary for them because they think it for personal self-protection in the home.They think that they protect themselves from harm with guns when they are in dangerous. It cannot be ignored the fact that people are more likely to be attacked if they do not have a weapon on their person. They have no any ability to protect themselves if they have no guns while their life and lieu are threatened. Victims who defended themselves with guns were less likely to report being injured than those who any defended themselves by other means or took no self-protective measures at all. And they have a pretty well reason to support their opinion which is when guns are outlawed, only outlaws will have guns.They mean that they would be more dangerous whether the guns ownership is outlawed and the gun is an effective method to protect them. Although the gun is an effective tool to protect their family and property, people cannot ignore that the effective tool is also the most dangerous tool because it is an easy way to suicide and murder. Some abnormal killer shot with the innocent to vent the anger and depressed of the hearts. The studies have shown that gun kept in the home for protection is 22 times more likely to be used on a family member than an intruder.The original intention of gun ownership was to provide a method for self-protection. However, following up later is crazy shooting and death to innocent victims, which is the exact opposite of the original intention. With the mortality rate of shooting increasing, people be allowed to own a gun should be outlawed. There were a few shooting that the shooting of movie theatre, pudding stone state building shooting and so on. It is with these happened terrible shooting in peoples minds that they often buy guns because they feel afraid they exponent become victims of a crime.John Dono hue of Stanford University said, Criminals are more likely to use a gun if prospective victims are carrying guns, that creating a vicious cycle. With all these guns so easily available, is it any wonder that so many people are dying. Also, some people attempt to end their trouble of life by suicide with guns. Over 30,000 Americans are killed by guns, slightly over half in suicide every year. Every day, twelve children in the United Stated die in gunfire (Deborah White 1). These casualties bring human beings great pain of spirit, especially for the family of victim.Nothing can mend their hearts, though, times. On this point, the gun ownership should be outlawed in order to avoid with the drab shooting happen to innocent people and pure children. In conclusion, the law on the limitation of guns can greatly subdue the rate of death and crime. Although gun culture is a very important for Americans and people have right to keep and own guns, the gun ownership has not direct connection with the gun culture and guns have become a big problem which is hardly managed by the government.Perhaps there are a few people living on hunting by guns and it is a tool to self-protection, however it is not the only method to protect themselves and way of survival. On the contrary, the gun is a terrible lethal weapon to suicide and murder. That is why guns make a lot of irremediable damage to the innocent. The gun ownership should be outlawed because only in this way can reduce the rate of crime and death. Cited work 1. Spitzer, Robert J. The Politics of Gun Control, Chapter 1. Chatham House Publishers, 1995. Web. kinsfolk 25, 2012 2. Linder, Doug (2008). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, et al. , PETITIONERS v. DICK ANTHONY HELLER.Exploring Constitutional Law. University of Missouri-Kansas City Law School. Retrieved 2008-07-26. Web. phratry 25, 2012 3. Adam Winkler. Shooting Blanks. The daily Beast. Mar 3, 2010. Web. Sep 25, 2012 http//www. thedailybeast. com/articles/2010/03/03/shooti ng-blanks. html 4. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Homicides Statistics- Homicides by firearm. Oct, 2009. Print. Sep 27, 2012 5. Deborah White. Pros & Cons of Gun Ownership & ingestion Laws for Individuals. About. com US Liberal Politics. Mar 6, 2007. Web. Sep 25, 2012 http//usliberals. about. com/od/patriotactcivilrights/i/ProConGunLaws_2. htm

The Role of the Nephron

The Roles of the uriniferous tubule of the 120 ml of blood that is filtered by the kidneys each minute, only I ml (thats less than I%) turns into irrigate system that will eventually leave the clay (after approximately 300 four hundred mis of it accumulates to fill the bladder ) That leaves 119 ml of fluid called deform to be returned rearward to the blood pour. Good thing, otherwise you would have to micturate (pee, urinate) once either 3 minutes and drink 1 L of fluid any 10 minutes in order to main(prenominal)(prenominal)tain HomeostasisThe one gazillion uriniferous tubules in each human kidney argon amazingly efficient at selectively removing wastes from the blood patch at the uniform time conserving weewee supply, flavor ions, glucose and other needed materials. The nephrons accomplish this task in 3 main steps these 3 steps argon also called the 3 main roles of the nephron Filtration, Reabsorption and secernment. Fiftratffln Filtration is aecomplished by the movement of fluids from the blood into the Bowmans contraction. Beabsorpttort Reatuorptias wolves the selective enthrall of es moveial solutes and piddle clog up into the blood.Secretion Secretion Involves the movement of wastes from the blood into the mphron. 1. Filtration The nephritic artery carries blood into the kidney (approximately 600 mis of blood acquiesces a kidney each minute). The renal artery then branches into arterioles which then branch intoaspecialized capillaries called the glomerulus. Because of the great difference in diam between the renal artery and the glomerul us, blood entering the glomerulus is under precise high pressure. This pressure forces ab break 20% of the blood plasma (ab protrude 120m1 of the 600 ml) protrude of the glomerulus and across the membrane of Bowmans abridgment.Bowmans capsule acts to filter or separate whatsoever of the substances that are located in blood plasma from others. This is because some substances are small eno ugh to fit through the pores of the membrane of Bowmans capsule and some are in like manner large and thus do not enter Bowmans capsule with the rest of the blood plasma. Water, sodium chloride ions (sodium, potassium and choride), glucose molecules, amino acids and urea molecules are all small enough to go through the membrane pores into Bowmans capsule. Blood cells (rbc, wbc and platelets) and proteins on the other hand are too large to leave the capillaries or enter Bowmans capsule.The fluid inside of Bowmans capsule take outs a name change it is at present called filtrate because it is blood plasma that has been filtered, This filtrate is identical to blood plasma minus the blood cells and proteins. permeate is said to be isotonic to blood plasma with respect to its ducking of body of water, salt ions, glucose, amino acids and urea. The filtrate will then proceed from Bowmans capsule through the rest of the nephron in the following order proximal convoluted tubule, curl of henle, distal convoluted tubule and finally the hoard tubule.From the compileing tubule, the filtrate will enter the pelvis of the kidney and be called water supply. 2. Reabsorption multipurpose materials such as sugars and salt ions are reabsorbed sustain into the blood stream. That is, materials that could comfort be used by the body are sent tail to the blood. Reabsorption happens as filtrate passes sequentially through the nephron. Materials re-entering the blood stream do so through the capillary network surrounding the nephrons. In short, good stuff is sent from the nephron tail into the blood. A.Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCn As the filtrate enters the PCT approximately 80% of the salt ions (sodium and potassium), glucose and amino acids are ACTIVELY TRANSPORTED out of the PCT and covering fire into the blood stream by special pumping cells located in the jettys of the PCT. The process of active transport requires energy. energy in the form of ATP is supplied by the numerous mitochondria that are imbed in the walls of the PCT. Because of ionic attraction, negatively supercharged chloride ions (CI-) will flow passively out of the PCT as they are attracted by the positively charged sodium and potassium ions (Na+, K+).As the concentration of the above mentioned solute molecules drops inside of the PCT, water then pianos out of the PCT and into the capillary network passively by the process of OSMOSIS. The lining of the PCT contains microvilli to increase the surface area everyplace which this reabsorption bunghole occur. B. Descending Loop of Henle As the filtrate travels into the locomote Loop of Henle, both sodium and potassium ions passively diffuse from the engaging tissues of the surrounding medulla BACK INTO the Loop of Henle. (Although this is eabsorption of materials, the materials are not termination back into the blood stream at this point). At the same time, water continues to move out of the Loop of Henle and into the ca pillary network by osmosis. The filtrate at this point is more concentrated (hypertonic) with respect to salt ions than it was in the PCT, both because water has been removed from it, and because salt ions have been again added to it. C. AscendineLoop of Henle As the filtrate proceeds up into the ascending Loop of Henle, the choride ions are actively pumped back out of the nephron.Because of ionic attraction, sodium ions then passively follow the chloride ions out of the tubule and into the tissues of the medulla. These ions only move into the medulla and not back into the blood stream. Since the ascending Loop of Henle is water-repellent to water, water cannot leave this mapping of the nephron. Because of this, the filtrate gets more dilute again. Because the opposite happens in the ascending and go down Loops of Henle, the process is called the COUNTER CURRENT MECHANISM. The process is also known as the CHLORIDE SfUFT.D. Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) As the filtrate passes thr ough this part of the nephron, water continues to passively diffuse out of the nephron and back into the blood. Water continues to diffuse out of the DCT because the surrounding tissues of the medulla are now very engaging due to so much sodium and chloride ions accumulating there. The savory tissues attract the water out of the DCT because the medulla is hypertonic with respect to salt concentration when compared with the salt concentration of the filtrate (now hypotonic).Water that enters the medulla will then diffuse back into the blood stream. Because of the continual re-absorption of water, the filtrate becomes more and more concentrated with wastes, in the main urea. The beat of water that diffuses can be regulated by a hormone called ADH. The amount of water that diffuses from the DCT back into the blood depends on the needfully of the body if the body is dehydrated, more water will go back into the blood, and less will be left in the nephron to get hold of less water. The opposite occurs if the body is over hydrated. E. Collectin g Tubule C The same thing that occurs in the DCT also occurs in the CT 3. Secretion Occurring at the same time as reabsorption is a process called secernment. Secretion is when a cell releases a substance to its outside in this case, non-useful and cyanogenic substances are ACTIVELY TRANSPORTED from the blood into the nephron usually in the regions of the distal and proximal convoluted tubules.Substances which are secreted include excess acid (H+) or base (OH-) ions, excess glucose (high glucose levels are found in diabetic urine or urine of someone who has recently consumed a large amount of sugar-this is the kidneys way of helping to ensure that the blood sugar level doesnt get too high), ammonia, and drugs (this is why urine is used from many drug tests the division of many drugs including marijuana, cocaine, heroin, sleeping pills, codeine and many other medications can be spy even in minute amounts in the urin e).The process of secretion ensures that materials that are potentially harmful to the body are quickly disposed of by being dumped into the fluid that is about to become urine. Secretion happens mainly in the regions of the DCT and CT but some also occurs in the PCT. In short, secretion involves bad stuff being removed from the blood being sent to the urine. of the loop after chlorine. The sodium inductes The Counter Current Mechanism of the Nephron out by diffusion because of its fatal attraction to chlorine.The chlorine and the sodium ions collect and dominate the fluids outside the loop The loop of Henle works toward the goal of water conservation. Animals that live in a terrestrial environment need to be careful not to waste water. It is clearly a waste,if water is in short supply, to release too much water with the urine. As a result there needs to be a mechanism to gain water out of the urine and back into the blood. The loop of Henle creates that animals.There i s no way o f actively capturing water in the urine that is passing through the collection ducts. It would almost seem too late to beguile the water that is already on its way out of the body. However, the nifty nephron creates a trick with its loop of lienle to get the water out of the solicitation duct before it leaves the kidney, kidney. The ascending loop of Henle actively transports chlorine ions out of the filtrate with carrier proteins. Chlorine builds up in the fluids of the medulla by active transport.Because it is a negative ion, it creates a cause for the sodium ion, which is positive, to rush out It does so by creating a salty environment in the medulla area of the mechanism in terrestrial of I-fenle creating a salty environment. This salty environment catches the attention of the water that is passing through the nigh collecting duct. salt. The collecting duct is permeable to water but not permeable to the Water can. not resist moving into the The salt creates an osmotic salty medulla. pressure that pulls the water out of the collecting duct by osmosis. Water has a fatal attraction to salty solutions. ) Once the water is out of the duct it is no longer destined for elimination but can now be picked up by the nearby. ,Mood capillaries and returned to be used by. body systems. Meanwhile, back at the loop of-Henle, trouble is starting. The ascending loop is outpouring out of salt. There is no need to worry. The salt trick can continue because the descending loop in its wisdom is stealing back the salt that the ascending loop is so generously releasing.This helps to keep a constant flow of salt inside the loop for the ascending canter to pump out . Because of the generosity gfthe ascending loop and the stinginess of the descending loop a salt trade or salt menstruum is established as the salt moves ouc of the ascen ding loop and into the descending loop, This salt current established by the loop of lienle maintains an environment that attracts water out of the ducts containing urine and back into the blood.This process is called the counter current mechanism. (ER 25 EXCRETION AND WE equilibrise OF WATER AN Cl rutin i Tubular secretion Nctwp -i urea _, How Materials Move Into and Out of the Nephron As Urine Forms. As a Al. nephron extends through the kidneys cortex and medulla and dumps urine into the collecting duct, various substances enter and leave the filtrate. Broken lines represent segments of the nephron wall that are permeable to water, while solid lines represent wall segments impermeable to water.Narrow arrows represent passive diffusion of materials into or out of the nephron tubule, while wide arrows represent active transport against concentration gradients. Filtration activities are shown in blue, tubu. l eabsorption activities in green, and tubular secretion in yellow. U ne is shown as yellow. traces nephron function and material movements step by step. The t FU,t. Ic r1

An Idea That Failed

Kamala who worked in ICC commit used to reach her workplace In her car. One day,she was unable to quit her car and as she has to cut across In office 9 oclock dandy but she did non have age to live on the car repaired-So she headstrong to take a bus. When the bus arrived,it was overcrowded but if she waited for another one,she would have not made it in time. So she boarded it and whateverhow managed to reach office in time. On reaching the bank,she remembered carrying her carrel bring forward with her. When she checked her Jeans pocket She was floor on not finding it in that respect.Her pocket was empty. Maybe It was stolen. l should not have boarded a crowded bus. Maybe somebody has picked my pocket thither,she tell to herself- music director Gathers in any case had just reached the bank- empathizeing Commas face she understood that there was some problem. What is the matter,Kamala? Why ar you looking upset? Ls everything all asked. Marry,my kiosk speech sound has been stolen,spoke Kamala nervously. You did not have any prison cell phone surprised Gathers said. yesterday was my birthday and It was a birthday gift to me from my husband. He had bought It yesterday,salad Kamala.Olathe is attach us go to the Police Station and get a report lodged,Gathers said. Disappointed Kamala entrust it matter? I wint get the cell phone back We must get a complaint lodged for every crime. The footpad go away soon be caught you see and you go out get your cell phone back,the manager assured. 000 so both went to the Police station. landscape painting venue who was on duty writing the report inquired,What was your phone account? . Then Venue dialed the second from his phone. l am sure. You will not get through. The freebooter either must have taken appear the Simi card or must have switched off the phone,a disillusioned Kamala said.The cleverest of the thiefs also commits a steal somewhere. Maybe your cell phone thief leaves a clue too,Landscape s aid. On not getting the bod for the first time,the tester tried again. it is said softly and switched on his vocalizer phone. A voice responded,Hello,who is speaking? There is a good parole for you. Our company rewards a cell phone buyer every calendar month with two tickets to Ago The winners name is taken out through lottery. You are the lucky one who has purchased a cell phone yesterday and won the prize. Elf you do not want to avail of the trip,we will draw out you a cash of prize RSI. ,OOH, Venue said. Gathers and Kamala understood that Venue contend a trick to trap the thief in the net. And he was victorious too. The thief responded, will avail of the cash prize. When and where will I get the prize. You can come to our office if you want. Or we could send our officer to baseball glove you over the prize. You will Just have to come and show your cell phone to us, said the examiner. l will come to your the thief Anytime. Our take is 8-404,Maharani Bag and my name is V enue An excited thief said, will be there in two hours.Keeping the phone down the inspector said, The thief seems very greedy. He did not even think where we got his number from. was apprehending that if he enquired that I would not know what to say. A surprised Kamala asked,whose address was the one you gave? The same companys from where you bought your cell phone. Krishna is my companion and he is General Manager of that company,informed Venue. You managed to ensure the thief very Gathers. You may leave now. Len an hours time you will get your cell phone and the thief too will be caught, Venue assured. L forgot to tell you that my cell phone has a small Barbie sticker on its inside by my aught,informed Kamala This will make it easier to identify your cell Venue. One hour later inspector reached his friend Krishna office and told him about everything. Curtain. SAA has no idea. Speaking arrogantly to Krishna, march said Did you rang me up? I have come to collect my prize of RSI. 50,OOH Where is your cell phone? asked Krishna. Parade showed the cell phone. Krishna opened the cell phone and precept Barbie sticker inside it. He said,Come out,inspector. The person you were waiting for is here When Parade saw Venue he was shocked.He could not even moon that he would be aught like this one day. How many cell phones have you stolen till now? Landscape asked sternly. Five hundred,parade,petrified could not lie. Venue arrested Parade immediately and put him behind bars. Kamala was too quick-witted getting back her cell phone. She praised Venue for his efficiency. More than my efficiency it was the craziness of parade that helped. Elf he had not talked on the cell phone,my scheme would not have worked. Parade is very clever but connected a mistake this time,Venue said. Parade was punished with one yr imprisonment. Many of his friends too were put behind bars.They were very happy to see him but when they learnt about his snapishness,they all had a hearty laug h. His best friend Panda said,Parade,you are so clever. Everyone calls you clever,Parade. How could you commit such a mistake? You should not have talked with that cell phone. You should have at least enquired. after all,the buyer was to get a prize, not you. You had stolen it. You must have conception that you would get RSI. 50,OOH easily. You have not only made a fool of yourself but also let us down too Parade could not speak a word and sat with a hung face. His accomplices too refused to accept him as his leader. THE END

Evil Doers or Evil Genes

Anti cordial mortalality perturbation s a mental health condition In which a somebody has a long-term pattern of manipulating, exploiting, or violating the rights of otherwises. This appearance Is often criminal. want all character disorders, asocial person-to-personity disorder Is a late Ingrained and enduring behavior pattern, manifesting as an Inflexible receipt to a broad range of personal and social situations This behavior re puzzles an extreme or significant deviation from the way In which the average Individual In a given culture relates to others.This behavior pattern tends to be stable. It whitethorn not cause subectlve distress, but does cause problems In social performance. Individuals with asocial record disorder often be divorced, have alcohol/ dose abuse, anxiety, depression, unemployment, homelessness, and criminal behavior. However, some Individuals with this disorder rise to high posltlons of power In society by becoming masters ot manipulation and deceit. In childhood, these individuals ordinarily have oppositional defiant disorder, towards parents and eachers which develops into conduct delinquency in adolescence.This delinquency takes the torm ot bold thrill-seeking, physical violence towards flock or animals, and law-breaking. Most adolescent delinquents suffer out ot this behavior as they enter adulthood. However, those that increase their delinquent behavior as they enter adulthood have their diagnosis changed from conduct disorder to antisocial constitution disorder. In adulthood, these individuals become much antagonistic. They show an amplify sense of self-importance-importance, insensitivity towards the feelings and eeds of others, and callous exploitation of others.Their increased manipulativeness, callousness, deceitfulness, and hostility repeatedly puts them at odds with other the great unwashed An individual diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder needs to meet the following criteria, Failure to conform t o social norms with respect to lawful behaviors as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest. Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure. Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead. Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults.Reckless disregard for safety of self or others. Consistent Irresponsibility, as Indicated by repeated failure to mystify consistent work behavior or honor financial obligations drop of remorse, as Indicated by being Indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another. lead percent of the population, or about 8,100,000 individuals In the united states have antisocial personality disorder. The National comorbldlty survey, which used DSM-III-R criteria, shew that 5. 8% of males and 1 . 29t of females showed certify of a Ilfetlme risk for the disorder.Prevalence estimates wlthln cllnlcal settings have v aried from 39t to 30%, depending on the plethoric characteristics of the populations being sampled. About ot men and ot women in the population have this disorder. Although in later adulthood, the to a greater extent outward and aggressive symptoms ot ASPD may diminish and the person remain, thereby affecting the individuals role in society as intimately as all those who come n contact with him/her. The disorder tends to add up more often in men than in women, and in people whose predominant role model had antisocial features.The incidence of antisocial personality is higher in people who have an antisocial biological parent, parents with histories of dose and/or alcohol abuse and who physically and/or emotionally maltreated the individual during childhood. Abandonment may have been an issue for the person with ASPD unsociable personality disorder is probably caused by a combination of factors. Having any of these characteristics oes not necessarily mean that a person has ant isocial personality disorder. Influences from the environment can impact the onset of this disorder.A chaotic family life contributes to the learning of this personality disorder, especially where there has been little supervision from parents or other adult role models. The disorder also may be more common where the community is not supportive or provides little issue for positive behavior. Genetic or biological factors. Researchers have found received physiological responses that may occur more frequently in people ith antisocial personality disorder. For example, they have a comparatively flat response to stress. They seem to get less anxious than the average person.Some researchers have found changes in the volume of brain structures that mediate flushed behavior. People with this motley of brain function may thus have more obstacle restraining their impulses, which may account for the tendency toward more aggressive behavior. Neurobiologists cannot say with sure thing tha t these variations in brain structure are a cause of antisocial personality. The variations could easily be he result of life experiences that are more common in people with this personality disorder rather than a cause.The cause of this disorder is unknown however, genetics and environmental factors influence its development. I believe that personality assimilates each individual special and consists of thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Personality is beat during childhood via the interplay of genetics and environmental factors. Problems with inherited genetics or the earlyish environment, such as significant exposure to abuse and/or violence, make it more likely that a ersonality disorder such as ASPD lead develop. Therefore, I believe in order to understand the cause of ASPD, some(prenominal) genetics and the environment need to be explored.Dr. Martha Stout, in her book, The Sociopath adjoining Door, explains that a genetic predisposition for sociopath may already present a t birth for some people. Determinations regarding how this increased risk for ASPD become expressed come from an individuals life experiences. We are accustomed to think of sociopaths as violent criminals, but in The Sociopath Next Door, Harvard psychologist Martha Stout eveals that a dire 4 percent of ordinary peopleone in cardinalhas an often undetected mental disorder, the chief symptom of which is that that person possesses no conscience.

This assignment will examine issues around social exclusion and teenage pregnancy

Q. Describe and write a critique of e re tout ensembley personal trouble and illustrate how the key theoretical concepts raised in this kinsperson fecal matter help you explain it as a usual replication. This subsidization breaking wind examine frees around favorable extrusion and puerile maternalism. It will explore the think between teen maternity, p everyplacety, and how it links into the netherclass theory. This assigning will look at the slips in puerile m a nonher(prenominal)liness in the United Kingdom. It will focus on issues found around self-reliances that materialisation pregnancy is a personal trouble and a globe issue and why jejune pregnancy is a line and whom it is a problem for.I will be looking at what the governance expectations of juvenility passel be and how they hope to raise the aspirations of these five-year-old heap done schooling and rearing. It will examine the brass policies and practices in relation to teen pregnancy wh ilst critically analysing the implications that these chip in on teen pregnancy. Teenage pregnancy according to figures published in S. E. U (1999) atomic number 18 rising dramatically and despite the introduction of compulsory call down education on that point doesnt wait to be anymodal value of stopping these figures from further rising.In England alone thither atomic number 18 approximately 90,000 raw(a)-fashioned people get pregnant, girls under 16 account for more or less 7,700 of these pregnancies, and approximately 2,200 of these world under 14 age of age. Out of these pregnancies around 3/5,s go to full destination and bequeath in live births. If you explore this further the figures show that around 56,00 babies ar born(p) each year to teenaged mothers. The figures suggest that at that place ar 87,000 electric razorren living with teenage mothers in England alone. These statistics argon frighteningly high and the governance is aiming to halve the rate of teenage pregnancies in nder 18 year olds by the year 2010. Teenage pregnancy occurs in all classes of society merely the figures show definite links between teenage pregnancy, cosmos more than than prevalent in the vileer underclass, and those daughters of atomic number 53 mothers who themselves may devour been teenage mothers. These links according to S. E. U (1999) state that sociableisation and deprivation atomic number 18 ii of the main causes of teenage pregnancy. They also state that overall teenage stock is more common in beas of deprivation and poverty teenage pregnancy is often a cause and a final result of companionable exclusion. education collated and analysed by the S. E. U enabes us to see how they watch reached their theories surrounding teenage pregnancy. It shows how they place and linked the risk situationors to teenage pregnancy and how all of these appear to have an association with the vileest category of society the underclass.The report by the S. E. U (1999) also shows how these risk factors can be seen in geographic concentrations, therefrom the teenage pregnancy map, resembles the distri b belyion of local authorities identified as the around deprived in the units report on neighbourhood e parvenueal. The map shows that the poorest aras of England have up to more than six propagation a higher rate of teenage pregnancies than the more crocked areas. The areas outside of capital of the United Kingdom which have been identified has having the highest rates of conception amongst schoolgirlish people are industrial cities which are going through economic recession and ports which are suffering from loss of jobs collectable to the recent collapse of ship expression industries. How does this then prove the governments theory that teenage pregnancy is linked to social exclusion?A list of factors relating to women in their mid-thirties who had render teenage mothers, the evidence confirms that the vast majorit y are low achievers, do non work, single with many being reliant on long term benefits. As a resoluteness of this they have not had the opportunity to give in life and has a result of this are marinerped in the cycle of poverty, deprivation and social exclusion. Hence the S. E. U report order teenage pregnancy is often the cause and a consequence of social exclusion overall teenage parenthood is more common in areas of deprivation and poverty.Thus adding weight to the governments argument about teenage pregnancy being a public issue. The figures show that teenage pregnancy is a public issue the facts show that the UK has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy in Western Europe. This is three times higher than France and n ahead of time six times higher than Holland. Could this be down to our need of morals? The fact trunk that in Holland if you have a tiddler in your teenage years and out of wedlock the local communities still shun you and there is a administer of social s tigma attached to this.Whilst in the UK teenage pregnancy along with cohabiting has become the norm and are more easily accepted, with very little stigma attached to it. The law states that sex under cardinal is unlawful and early days women cannot give consent for sexual intercourse to consent place. Yet in 2000 there were more than 7,000 unexampled people under sixteen, who had conceived, with over 54% ending in legal abortions. That is a lot of young people servingicipating in an illegal sexual intercourse. Where have all the traditional family values gone? Traditionally people meet, declination in love, get married, have children and become a loving infrangible family unit.With the changing trends and loss of family values more than 90% of teenage births are outside of marriage. Thus changing family life has it was and creating a sweet trend towards single young mothers, children being brought up without permanent father figures, who are dependent upon the state to pul l through for them unless some changes can be made. The government states that it costs tax payers over i10 billion each year, the S. E. U reports produce that this silver could be better dog-tired else where, and that unless we get this phenomena under surmount we can not support this rising tide of young teenage mothers.The government has been looking at the Netherlands and the United States for inspiration on how to submit with these issues. The Netherlands have one of the lowest teenage birthrate, they educate young people from a young age and take a more earthy approach to sex education. Compare this to the United States who do not succeed support for teenage mothers and have used controversial measures such as forced sterilisation of certain ethnic groups and the family of these young people have to support them financially and emotionally in order for them to survive.Do young people see it as a problem? Is it an issue for young people? After looking at facts there seem s to be no evidence that states it is a problem for the young people themselves, so it is no big issue for them. Maybe it is just another way for the government to control the lives of young people? The government seems to be saying that teenage mothers are not equipped with the skills and knowledge to become competent parents, but who decides what makes a good parent, how can age be a decision making factor in good and bad parenting.So is it just an assumption that teenage pregnancy is a problem, functionalists would argue that it is just a butt against of socialisation and that if the young people aspirations could be raised then they would be able to break the cycle. Durkheims anomie theory (1951 273) seems to suggest that a curb of normalness arises when a disruption of the social order occurs so that they are no longer controlled by the collective social order. Compare this to Mertons anomie (193853) the root of which lie in a structural strain, generated by differential coming to opportunity structures.Currently young girls who have little or no education and very few plans for the future are 30% more apt(predicate) to get pregnant than those who aspire to gain qualifications and are sound educated. Not being educated, in training or work are factors that are seen as being a negative influence on young girls and thus the risk of them becoming pregnant rises. Teenagers from socially deprived, poor families are less likely to have abortions compared to the young girls from more affluent families has they have higher aspirations in life and also have the money to pay for private abortions.The lack of aspirations in the poorer young girls life, can lead them to believe that they can do nothing else and also if it was not a personal trouble for their mother then why should they expect anything else in life. Evidence seems to support the socialisation theory, with young girls often having no prospects due to lack of education, family support to break the cycle, believing that this is the way life is that this is all that life has to offer them and seeing that this is the way their life has been apped out for them.The lack of knowledge and confidence can also stop young girls from accessing returns, which are available to them, and this just reinforces the negativity within their lives. As a result of finding themselves pregnant many young girls from poorer backgrounds, are less likely to continue with their education, compared to the young girls from more affluent homes who are expected to succeed in education and already have a prosperous passage mapped out for them by their parents and peers.As a result of this young mothers from poor areas, start to become trapped in the cycle of poverty, with no way of supporting themselves and child they find themselves in the benefit trap. If they wait until the child is old enough to start groom, returning to education is extremely grievous and most training and apprenticeships are o nly give to school leavers. So with no experience, qualifications, expensive childcare and limited employment options due to most young mothers only being able to afford to work during the school time hours which are usually the lowest paid jobs the poverty trap begins a down ward spiral of debt and depravation. at that placefore becoming a single teenage mother is a stigma and figures show them to be a burden on society hence a public issue. Are teenage mothers to bill for the presentation of the emerging underclass in society? Teenage young mothers are often referred to as being a contributing factor in creating the underclass. The underclass theory (Murray 1980) describes this as people who are at the bottom of the social ladder, structurally disclose and culturally distinguishable from the decent working class .Murray (1980) discovered this new class of people in the 80s and he labelled them as the new underclass in Britain. He blames this emerging underclass on the over ze alous upbeat state system, which was set up to provide break from poverty, not provide people with an alternative way of life. Where has Marx (1951) suggests that we are born into a social class which are modified locally by region and neighbourhood. Thus the teenage mothers cannot be to blame for the creation of the underclass, which adds vi susceptibility to the theory put forward by Murray.The result of this theory is that there are now younger single parent families due to the ability to support themselves through the benefit system. Murray (1980) goes on to say that before the offbeat system started to increase the level of pro flock there were few single parent families because they were not economically viable. He states that the more generous benefits have made it possible for women to have children outside of marriage therefore the welfare state is to blame for this phenomenon.Thus he argues that the benefit system is to blame for single parents and they are a contributi ng factor of the underclass theory. Charles Murray (1980) goes on to say that we are creating a culture of dependency and if the benefits were taken onward from single parents, it would discourage young people from becoming pregnant and is a possible solution to stop further development of the underclass. Many other people believe that young girls get pregnant on theatrical role in order to gain priority in the housing and benefits system.There are many flaws in Murrays (1980) theory the main one being that single teenage parents is seen in all class stratification and is not exclusive to the underclass element of society. Statistics show that young people do not start to enquire about benefits and housing prior to acquiring pregnant therefore these facts are not a forethought to acquiring pregnant. Research shows that most teenage pregnancies are not planned and young people seem to rarely plan for the future until after they are pregnant so they are very unlikely to have become pregnant in order to obtain benefits.Liberal thinking social theorists argues that the idea of an underclass diverts attention outdoor(a) from what the real issues are and the disadvantages experient by certain groups of people in society especially young people from working class backgrounds. The conservatives denied poverty existed, so why is there a need for a welfare state and where is the emerging underclass. stab said that it is just a lack of means to work that causes poverty, thus justifying the need for a welfare state and acknowledging the underclass exists.Other political groups outside these seem to blame poor education, bad housing unemployment, and family segmentation has main reasons why people become dependent on benefits and thus the underclass theory serves a purpose to hide the real causes of teenage pregnancy and social exclusion. Teenage pregnancy is a cause of and consequence of social exclusion, these young people share the values as everyone else unlucki ly they have limited opportunities and are therefore restricted in plans for their future.These young people are deemed to be suffering from inequalities in life and are victims of an unjust society, which fails to ensure a fairer distribution of opportunities and resources. Poverty and social exclusion has a direct strike on the choices young women make about abortion and sex education, and if all young people had the same opportunities and options open to them when they find themselves pregnant or prior to having sex then peradventure the rate of teenage pregnancies would fall.If young women have a clear vision about their future, their options in life explained clearly through education and training then they will have nothing to gain by choosing early parenthood. Whereas young people with no job prospects, poor education, who expects to be on benefits anyway might see that having a baby is going to provide them with a better future. The government are under pressure to ration alize the rate of teenage pregnancies as currently the UK has the highest rate in the occidental world.So what can the government do when the media seems to undermine all the initiatives that the fag out government have come up with? All the media misrepresentation has modify the publics perception of teenage pregnancy and how the sex education program is delivered. The frequent consensus seems to be that Pregnancy advice is right, just the tactics used to deliver it are wrong. The media has highlighted this issue, alongside figures pointing out the amount of money currently being spent to deliver these services. It implies that all the time and money is being wasted has teenage pregnancy rates continue to ise.The media seems to be blaming the government for use money and accusing them of being dictators to young people The Daily Mail report reports 60 million to tell girls that it is okay to be a vestal how can this reduce the rate of teenage pregnancy, this nanny government is wasting money telling young people how to their lives. Whilst the girls are being talk over to stay virgins they are not being told about sex and how it could affect them in their future and the message to boys is that sex is okay just wearing away a condom so the gap between the genders just keeps getting reinforced.The government have responded to this positively by bringing out new policies and are changing ways of delivering this service to youngpeople these include Compulsory sex education Sex education in schools is to become compulsory part of the national curriculum and will be taught alongside reading, writing, maths and science. The fact that it is compulsory seems to indicate that all children are being taught sex education but this is not so as parents can opt to bring their children if they so wish to. So were is the compulsory part? Should it be disposed(p) to all children regardless to what a parent may feel?It is a civil right for every young person to be edu cated, so why is the choices to learn about sex being taken away from the young person, Why does a parent have the right to regularize to the young person what they need to learn to become a liable adult later in life? Without sex education how can a child make the transition through adolescence from a child to a teenager who has a need to experiment sexually safely? To conclude, teenage pregnancy is a personal personal and a public issue. Many adoloscents I think fell trapped in a viscious circle.However I think that social exclusion and teenage pregnance are inextricably linked and these terms cannot be separated. The government have reccomended that young people should have better access to sex advice and other issues based around sex education. This is good practice but these clinics are not available countrywide, it is up to individual schools and parents to decide whether or not this service is should be available. On the other hand would these clinics encourage young people to have sex which would create an even bigger public issue?

Event Management Plan

yield Management Plan for Spring Bash 2013 gist comment Day/Date/Time of casing Duration. This core forget be held during the week of Mon mean solar daylight March twenty-fifth thru Thursday March 28th. The game generation testament be 10 am, 1pm, 4pm, and 730 pm. Location / induction / Venue of the Event. The baseb in every start(predicate) site is the beautiful, masterly maintained Santaluces Sports complex. The Santaluces Sports Complex was sour by the Montreal Expos for their offpouring upbringing and is located in Lantana, FL. Description of the Event.With a comfor circumvent average annual temperature of 78 F (25 C), handle brink County is able to array each type of sporting way out e truly m of the year. South Floridas tropical climate is unique to both other region in the country and is one of the primary agreement so umpteen teams want to come and get out of the cold. The tournament entrust consist of 12 teams all competing for the tournament title at the end of the four days. Purpose of the Event / Overview. This entrust be an invitation just takings to bring in some of the top mettlesome shallows in Florida and show slip-up their skills for bea scouts both professional and college.W5H. Who. Any High school day baseball program from any state leave be apart of the invitation unless razet. What. This is a Spring Break invitational tournament that is border on to expose some of the best armature athletes to professional and college scouts. When. March 25th thru March 28th Where. Santaluces Sports Complex Lantana, FL How. Through readjustment fees, concessions, and entre relocus. Aims / Objectives (S. M. A. R. T. ). Our goals and objectives atomic number 18 to become the promethium spring break tournament in Florida. Event Management Management Responsibility. In-hoexercising / outsourced) The management responsibility testament be taken c atomic number 18 of in-house to cut down on cost and overhead. Ma jor stakeholders / agencies. The major stakeholders give be the high school programs that attend this occurrence. Also, the agencies that bequeath be involved with this resultant role be the address coast County Sports Commission and the thread coast County place and pastime Department. Physical requirements. The physical requirements for this solvent pass on be long hours in the hot South Florida sun as comfortably as the ability to lift up to 50 lbs. Venue.The Santaluces Sports Complex turn ins four well maintained and groomed fields and to a fault accept lighting on all four fields to host dark games is inevitable. Target audience. This tournaments target audience is anyone of the many a(prenominal) top high school baseball programs we shake in the US. Approximate Number of Participants and Spectators. There give be twelve teams which allow for account for approximately 240 participants and over the dividing line of the four days approximately 1500 specta tors allow be in attendance. Event History. This go forth be the prime(prenominal) annual tournament held at this repair.Based on research through with(p) on other spring break tournaments it is very popular with the high schools both local anesthetic anaestheticly and in the north where at that place is still snow on the ground. There are non many premier spring break tournaments out there so we impression this go forth help fill the void. Technology. All game information and results bequeath be nonated and recorded on iPads using the application called Game record changer scorekeeping. Also, for communication with take staff they leave put on cellphones as well as radios. Sponsoring Organization. For this resultant overimputable to the size there impart not be any sponsoring organization. Feasibility Is the yield a good image?This event is a capacious idea ascribable to the amount of teams sounding to play in a tournament during spring break and also for the exposure the teams allow for have to area scouts. Do we have the skills mandatory to plan and run the event? The event staff is well educate and knowledgeable on what is inevitable to make this type of event achieverful. Is the host biotic community supportive? The host community is supportive due to the gross revenue at local hotels and heartseaseaurants. Do we have the infrastructure in the community? The location of the event provides quick portal to the interstate, hospital, and airport. Can we get a venue at a price we kindle afford?The event cost volition be $2000 for the permits running the four days of the tournament. go away the event attract an audience? The main audience leave be that parents and family phalluss of the participants as well as professional and college scouts. Will it attract media support? imputable to the size of the event media support go away not be attracted. Is it financially viable? The operate expenses of the tournament volition be cover in the registration fees, which makes it financially viable. Are the victory criteria reasonable? The success criteria is reasonable but forget be unknown until after the event takes places and feedback is generated.What are the risks? The risks associated with this event are weather, injury, and the expenses exceed the revenues. SWOT Analysis Strengths. The location and quality of the fields are the biggest strengths of this tournament. Weaknesses. When having a tournament in the spring there is always a chance of rain, also this is a low year event and does not have a proven run record. Opportunities. With a successful event we whitethorn be able to lead the number of teams in the futures and solidify our place as one of the premier spring break tournaments. Threats.The threats associated with this tournament are that there are many other tournaments going on at the same or alike times. It may be hard to get the commitment of elite high school programs due to them being committed to other events at the time. Approvals mention State federal government. The approval and compliance for this event forget be through the FHSAA and all other factors forget be held at the county level. County, city, or town. There provide have to be approval from the Palm Beach County pose and digression Department so that we can have the permits and access to the fields. Roads traffic authority.This will be taken care of in-house by using staff members to direct traffic. Liquor licensing. There will be no need for liquor licensing due to no alcoholic beverages will be sold at this event. Police. Police will not be compulsory unless a crime is committed. Insurance. Prior to the event there will be a waiver signed excluding responsibility in the case of the event. In case of injury, this is a school-approved activity and responsibility falls on them. Marketing / advertizement / PR / Ticketing Customer segmentation. Our customer segmentation is found on the top high school programs across the state as well as nationally. Pricing.Registration for the event is $500 Ticket program. Game day passes for spectators will be $10 per day or $35 for the eon of the event. Kids ages infant-17 years old will gain admittance free of charge. Advertising. Advertising for the event will be done through social media utilizing Facebook and Twitter. Message. The essence of this event is to provide a overall great run through and to provide the participants the ability to be seen in front of professional and college scouts. Media outlets used. The media outlets that will be used for this event include Flyers / Posters / Brochures, Word of Mouth, Internet and Social Media.Advertising Budget. Due to our online advertize there is no advertising budget put in place. Promotions. Due to the size and record of the event there will no progresss taking place. Giveaways. All participants will be given t-shirts and all coaches will receive polo shirts. Communi ty / Public Relations. Press releases. No press releases will be delivered, but emails will be sent out to professional scouts and college scouts about our tournament and the teams that will be in attendance. Media briefing(s). Media guides will be made up consisting of the teams involved and their rosters as well as schedules and a sponsors page.Evaluation of Marketing Plan. The evaluation of the marketing plan will be done at the conclusion of the event to see in what areas we can better ourselves. Financial condition Is the purpose to make a profit? The main purpose of this event is to create a great atmosphere of high-level competition and have a successful event. Also, to make a profit is another purpose of the event. Without a profit we will not be able to continue putting on future events. How much will the event cost? The overall cost of the event will be $4800, which will be covered in the registration fees. What are the revenue sources?The revenue sources for this event a re the registration fees, concessions, gate sales and sponsorship. How many tickets need to be sold to break even? The registration fees alone will allow us to cover our operating expenses. All other sources of revenue will be for payroll and the rest is profit. What is the cash flow situation? The cash flow situation will come from the day-to-day operating expenses such as restocking concessions, gate sales, baseballs, and so on. What are the control systems? There will be a staff member in charge of solicitation monies throughout the day and placing them in a safe box with a key lock.Only that staff member and coach will have access to the money. How will legal and taxation obligations be met? These will be met in the concessions were all sales rhythm out in the cash register will be taxed. Capital / funding requirements. In the case of expenses running over the profits the sign investing of cash on hand of $10,000 will cover those costs. Fees. The fees of $20/hr for the ba ll field permits required by Palm Beach County put and Recreation Department will be paid out of the initial investment to secure the location and dates desired. Costs.The overall cost of the event will be $4800, which will be covered in the registration fees. mathematical product / licensing. At this time due to this being the first year of the event we will not be having and merchandise for sale. Control systems. There will be a staff member in charge of accumulation monies throughout the day and placing them in a safe box with a key lock. Only that staff member and theater director will have access to the money. Taxation. These will be met in the concessions were all sales rung out in the cash register will be taxed. get loss statement. This will be completed at the end of the event.Cash-flow analytic thinking. This will be completed at the end of the event. Budget Budget Detail. ( look into table 3 pg. 18) Event Contracts. This event does not have any contracts due to the nature and size. Sponsorship Sponsor signage / Sponsor booths. This event does not have any sponsor booths but will have signage of local sponsors in the outfield and in the media guide. Package sales. Packages will range from $100-$400 in which sponsors can choose. (See duck ) Activation. The sponsorship activation is done by the sponsor including coupons for participants and spectators that attend their business. Evaluation.The evaluation will be done at the end of the event by contacting the sponsors and collecting data on who brought in the coupons. Risk Management Identification. (of risks hazards) Some risks that may arise are balls leaving the playacting field, wet playing surfaces and groove stroke. Assessment. (of risks hazards) Balls leaving the field can cause injury to spectators, wet playing surfaces can cause injury to players as well as coaches and raise up stroke can happen to players and coaches due to the hot weather. Management. (of risks hazards) All situ ations will be forwarded to the tournament director.Incident insureing. All situations will be forwarded to the tournament director and local administration if need be. Contingency plan. In case of unskilled weather all games will be postponed until further notice. The location we have selected has lights and games can be play at night if needed. Letter to panjandrum Form. This will not be needed due to the nature of the event. Grammar. This will not be needed due to the nature of the event. Event staging Decor. This will not be needed due to the nature of the event. Layout. See table Entertainment. This will not be needed due to the nature of the event.Special effects / Lighting / Sound. This will not be needed due to the nature of the event. Electricity. Electricity is provided by the complex and is apart of the permit to use the facility. Water. Water cooler will be placed in either dugout to ensure hydration is maintained. Transportation. The location of this event allows for quick access to the interstate and airports as well as aesculapian transportation. Traffic management. This will not be needed due to the nature of the event. Street closures. This will not be needed due to the nature of the event. Impact on local traffic.The event will have no impact on local traffic flow. Notification of affected businesses. This will not be needed due to the nature of the event. Diversions / Detours. This will not be needed due to the nature of the event. Security. In the event of an altercation the local governance will be contacted. Support vehicles. Due to the size of the complex support vehicles will not be needed. Medical / ambulance / EMTs. In the case of emergency medical assistance will be contacted, but no onsite medical will be present. Parking. The parking is provided by the complex and is free of charge restrict access / ADA compliance.The facility meets all disability and ADA requirements Children. The facility has a playground area that is accessible for children. Food / Catering. Food for concessions will be purchased at local wholesalers such as Costco. Providers. This is provided by the Palm Beach County park and Recreation Department. Facilities. This is provided by the Palm Beach County Parks and Recreation Department. Waste and environmental management. This is provided by the Palm Beach County Parks and Recreation Department. Toilets. The complex provides this and no rentals of toilets is needed. Waste management, recycling.This is provided by the Palm Beach County Waste Management. Sanitation. This is provided by the Palm Beach County Parks and Recreation Department. Noise. This will not be needed due to the nature of the event. Water pollution. This is provided by the Palm Beach County Parks and Recreation Department. Environmental Impact force field (EIS). This is provided by the Palm Beach County Parks and Recreation Department. Cleaning. This is provided by the Palm Beach County Parks and Recreation Depar tment. Staffing Rosters. The staff will include the tournament director, four game day staff, two concession staff and 4 volunteers from local colleges.Training. All staff members will be CPR aware and trained on operational activities before the event. Briefing. Everyday before the first games a meeting will be held to go over that activities for that day and the chain of command. Recruitment of volunteers. Volunteers will be sought out from local colleges for students looking to gain some experience. Leadership Plan Communication. All communication will through the tournament director. During the morning meetings the communication process will be laid out and all questions will be answered. Staffing Skills.Pre-event training will take place to ensure all staff are on the same page for what needs to be accomplished and only qualified individuals will be on the staff. Coordination / Evaluation. During the morning meetings the coordination and evaluation processes will be laid out and all staff will be well informed on what needs will be required. Rewards. At the end of the tournament all game day staff members will be taken out to dinner to celebrate the success of the event. in operation(p) Plans Procedures withstandlists. (See table 2 pg. 17) Performance standards.The performance standards will be ordered with departmental goals, communicates clearly to all levels falls within budget guidelines, can reasonably be accomplished in specified time flesh and follows up and resolves problems in timely manner to keep project on track. Contingency plans. In case of bad weather all games will be postponed until further notice. The location we have selected has lights and games can be played at night if needed. Weather. In case of bad weather all games will be postponed until further notice. The location we have selected has lights and games can be played at night if needed.Electrical supply, lighting. This is provided by the Palm Beach County Parks and Recreati on Department. Fire / Accident. In case of brush aside/ accident fire extinguishers and first aid kits will be available and local authorities will be contacted. Crowd control / management. Local authorities if needed will provide this. Delay or cancellation. In the case of a delay or cancellation all teams will be contacted within overflowing time so that proper arrangements can be made. If a cancellation of the event does take place teams will be refunded their fees paid. Bomb threat or other security incident. Local authorities will provide this. Logistics.Local authorities will provide this. Setup / teardown. The setup and teardown of tents will be done by staff members before leaving the facility for the night to counter theft. Signage. All signage will be hung on the fences of the fields in limpid view of all spectators. Structures facilities. This is provided by the Palm Beach County Parks and Recreation Department. Lighting / Sound. Lighting is provided by the Palm Beac h County Parks and Recreation Department. Safety Security (Safety of the event audience) Safety security of event performers, VIPs, etc. This will be provided by local authorities if needed.Health safety of staff. This will be provided by local authorities if needed. Security for premises, equipment, cash, etc. This is provided by the Palm Beach County Parks and Recreation Department, and all cash will be held onto by the tournament director at the end of the night. Communications. Meetings will be held every morning and all communication will be through either cellular phones or radios. All issues get account to the tournament director. Emergency access and emergency management. The facility has gates that leave for easy access for emergency personnel to get as airless to the situation as possible.First aid. In the concessions there will be first aid kits to be administered if need be. Timelines Form. (See table 1 pg. 16) Evaluation, Monitoring Control Feedback. During the c ourse of the tournament staff members will ask questions to the spectators to see how their experience is so far. If any issues arise it will be handled promptly. Post-event evaluation. A send list will be generated in which all teams will be contacted and a survey will be enclosed to determine how the event went and what we can do to improve. Objectives. At the end of the event we will go through our utlined objectives and determine is they were met. Measures. The measures that will be used to determine the success will include surveys, questionnaires, and direct-mailers to all participants. Analysis. After all measures are taken into account, an analysis will be done to determine the areas needed for improvement for future events. Report. Once objectives are met, the measurements are put into place, an analysis is done and all will be placed into a report for future sponsorship opportunities. Appendix turn off 1 Event Timeline 8 Months come on from Event 3 Months expose from Event Prepare posters, brochures, banners, etc. bear and confirm facility fees and permits Confirm participating teams 7 Months discover from Event 2 Months Out from Event Begin recruiting volunteers for day of event 6 Months Out from Event 1 Months Out from Event Set event budget Order t-shirts and prizes or have them donated Set and confirm date, time and place Continue recruiting volunteers for day of event Determine goal of event and event name Reconfirm ALL commitments Decide on event logo Send out letters to potential teams 5 Months Out from Event Week of the Event Prepare site signage information, check-in, first aid, dismount/finish, volunteer check-in round out participant registration list Complete participant registration list Pick up t-shirts and prizes 4 Months Out from Event 1 Month after the Event Develop sponsorship levels send thank you letters to sponsors, volunteers, and community partners Approach corporate and media sponsors Communicate ne tt event participation count and amount of money raised to all sponsors Confirm sponsors uprise event binder for next year including suggestions and feedback fudge 2 Task Person Responsible Contact details fit out that the date does not clash with another event Arrange venue Prepare and distribute tournament notice/flyer Prepare tournament budget Appoint Rules Advisor (if not TD) Organize person(s) to do the check in Purchase trophies (if applicable) Collect perpetual trophies (if applicable) Organize wall charts Organize name tags Check stocks of score sheets, sets etc. Receive entries set up draws On day, supervise distribution of sets, table numbers, score sheets tile check sheets Distribute tournament records Manage refreshment area Collect initiation fee distribute name tags Erect wall charts, latest ratings and rules enlighten novices on tournament protocol Direct runners to collect name tags during last game Prepare tournament expe nse/income report Present trophies awards Table 3 revenue enhancement PROJECTED Additional fundraising activities$785. 00 Cash sponsors $6,500. 00 Donations $300. 00 Paid advertising in event program $250. 00 Registration fees (12 teams x $500) $6,000 TOTAL REVENUE $13,835 EXPENSES Decor $125. 00 Event program$300. 00 Food and beverage $1,840. 00 Marketing and promotion $395. 00 Save-the-date card e-design $225. 00 Signage design $150. 00 Signage printing $1,258. 31 Silent auction $250. 00 thank you items$200. 00 Venue -$5,000 TOTAL EXPENSES $9,743. 31 TOTAL NET $4,091. 69