Internationization Of Economies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Internationization Of Economies - Essay Example Explain what a Monetary Union is and indicate possible benefits of the regime. Globalisation is a broad term used to denote the merger of the world’s various economic systems. The primary agents of change are reductions in barriers to trade such as import quotas, export fees and tariffs. The base contention related to justify globalisation is that it aids in increasing material wealth as well as goods and services through an efficient process of international division of labour. Globalisation is also used to describe how regional economies, cultures and societies are becoming increasingly integrated through trade, transportation and communication. Economic globalisation can be specified better if seen as the integration of national and regional economies into the global economy. The salient features of this integration are FDI (foreign direct investment), migration, trade, capital flows, technology and military presence. (Bhagwati, 2004) Globalisation like most other internati onal phenomenon has had positive and negative consequences. This text will attempt to analyse the positive and negative aspects of globalisation in terms of economics by utilising relevant economic theories. This will be followed by a discussion on floating and fixed exchange rates and the text will end with an appraisal of the monetary union concept. Economic Globalisation Economic globalisation is dependent on achieving a common global market that is based entirely on the freedom to exchange all nature of services and goods. (Lorenz & Wagner, 2007) Another major consequence of globalisation is that employees have to compete in an international job market. Previously wage regulations were more in sync with national economies while the advent of globalisation has changed this altogether. As economies are more and more intertwined, the failure of an individual economy does not necessarily jeopardise worker’s wages. This has affected the distribution of wages and income on a la rge scale. (Reich, 1992) The new global market is highly competitive and productivity must be upgraded in order to face the competition. The removal of trade barriers and tariffs ensures that competition is head on and multi faceted simultaneously. Quality and cost need to be monitored at the same time and there are large chances that industry may fail if faced with too stiff competition. Industries must upgrade their technology as well as the product range in order to compete. (Croucher, 2004) However, the failure of individual economies does present the chance for a domino effect. One failing economy may spur failure elsewhere and the entire global market may collapse. The recent economic recession is a glaring example of such a phenomenon. Some schools of thought contend that globalisation does present obvious problems through rapid development but globalisation is a positive force which has the power to lift a nation out of poverty. Rapid development spurs a virtual economic cyc le which produces faster economic advancement. (Bhagwati, 2004) Globalisation presents blue collar workers in developing nations with far greater occupational choices than before. Educated workers from developing nations are given chances to compete internationally for better paying jobs. Workers from developing nations are able to compete with workers from industrialised nations at an advantage. This aids in creating greater opportunities for workers. Workers are provided with opportunities to emigrate and getting jobs in industrialised countries or to stay in their native countries to work in outsourced industrial ventures. The global economy also provides abundant opportunities for products of cottage industries too. (Bhagwati, 2004) On the other hand, globalisation has

Greatness and actual greatness Essay Example for Free

Greatness and actual greatness Essay In Ozymandias, Shelley uses great poetic irony to underline the ridiculousness of human pride in the face of Time. He shows that human glory is ephemeral and is reduced to nothing by the sheer passage of time, and juxtaposes the mortal with the immortal. This juxtaposition serves to represent the contrast between the aspiration of greatness and actual greatness. He also serves to highlight the belief that human greatness can survive through art and ideas, and not through hubris or pride. Thus, Ozymandias’s â€Å"frown and wrinkled lip and sneer of cold command† survive only because the sculptor was able to render them through his art. In fact, they are a truer representation of his cruelty than he would probably have desired, as this sculptor would also have been a part of the populace that Ozymandias ruled over. Contrasting hugely with the absence and death of mighty Ozymandias is that sculptor’s art, which lives on centuries after his own death – â€Å"its sculptor well those passions read, which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things. † In the face of nature, art and time, Shelley shows that human hubris is reduced to nothing. Also, the inscription by Ozymandias that urges the onlookers to â€Å"Look on my works, ye mighty, and despair! † in the end mocks the king’s own hubris as all there is left to see is decay and vast stretches of â€Å"the lone and level sands†. The way the passage of time has been presented also makes the irony greater – â€Å"antique land†; speaking from the vantage point of history Ozymandias’s pride seems even more ridiculous in the face of his total eventual destruction, which was inevitable. Neither his property nor this self proclaimed â€Å"king of kings† himself can conquer the ravages of Time.

Ethics in Nursing Essay -- Deontology, Utilitarianism

Deontology vs. Utilitarianism Deontology is an ethical theory concerned with duties and rights. The founder of deontological ethics was a German philosopher named Immanuel Kant. Kant’s deontological perspective implies people are sensitive to moral duties that require or prohibit certain behaviors, irrespective of the consequences (Tanner, Medin, & Iliev, 2008). The main focus of deontology is duty: deontology is derived from the Greek word deon, meaning duty. A duty is morally mandated action, for instance, the duty never to lie and always to keep your word. Based on Kant, even when individuals do not want to act on duty they are ethically obligated to do so (Rich, 2008). Kant believed consequences were irrelevant and an individual should do as they please at that very moment in time. An example would be a person went to their neighbor’s home while they were gone to turn on the heater so when they returned home it was warm. A consequence to turning on their heater is their house burned down, but according to Kant, since your intentions were good you cannot be at fault. Kant also believed each person has dignity and not to treat others as a means, to one’s personals ends (Rich, 2008). In other words, do not treat others as an instrument to achieve a goal. For example, a researcher that is risking the well-being of an individual participating in an experiment for the sake of finding a drug that may save many lives. Kant made a distinction between two types of duties which are hypothetical imperatives and categorical imperatives. Hypothetical imperatives are rules or duties people ought to observe if certain ends are to be achieved. Hypothetical imperatives are sometimes called â€Å"if-then† imperatives, which are condit... ...tes that fall under claim rights with the exceptions for health care liberty rights (Butts, 2008). Social Federal and state programs will help ensure that their claims will be fulfilled and preserved (Butts, 2008). To put welfare rights into more of a perspective I will provide an example. A woman comes into the emergency room and she is without a doubt in active labor. Even though she does not have medical insurance, the triage nurse will admit her. Here, the hospital has a duty to treat her until delivery of the child is completed. In brief, welfare rights and liberty rights are very important to the nursing profession. As nurses, our duty is to protect the moral rights of our patients always. With liberty rights it is our duty to protect our client’s life, and with welfare right is our duty to rescue our clients from potential dangers or even death. â€Æ'

Future India

Below is a free essay on â€Å"India's Future† from Anti Essays, your source for free research papers, essays, and term paper examples. About twenty-five years ago, our then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi had started to remind us that India is too early to reach Ikkisvi. We have twenty-first century. Where is the twenty-first century India, how, how is going to be, where to reach – it is a vivid theme. It will consider some aspects of it. Certainly in the new century is a lot of things were looking very bright.Than in the past twenty years or fifty years ahead of India is visible. Such revolutions are many. The computer revolution is under way. Mobile revolution is – now the poor man's pocket to get a cell phone. A? tomobail revolution is under way. There was a time when the scooter had to find the number, he'd get to Blake. There were only two models of cars – Ambassador and Fiat. Now go to the showroom, favorite Mothers  of Dal Motrsaikl or bring the car up. Ever-  Mothersare coming to market is dull. See the cars on the street cars.Forlen roads – is being Sikslen. Highway, Expressway talks to the smooth air vehicles on the roads. â€Å"Forlen the word the child – Bchchee is up to the tongue. There is a similar revolution in education. First Engineering, Medical, B. Ed. College used to be counted. Today – a city of ten – ten college and those seats are empty. Initiatives were selected convent school, now England Medium School Street – the street, the neighborhood is exposed. Our national income, six, seven, eight per cent growth rate is increasing.In 2007-08 came the blow of the recession in the world, he could not impress us much. In the meantime we have to make atomic bombs. We are dreaming of becoming a world superpower. United Nations Security Council non-permanent members have become, to become a permanent member of the hand – are scrambling. Obamaji to be grateful for, the dream tha t we are expected to be completed. Ckacand darkness behind But the glitter seems a hollow. Ckacand behind the middle of a dark – comes across the remains. As such, a few days before the Global Hunger Index (Global†¦

Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 8

I'm not sure how long we stayed in the room together. The minutes ticked away on the grandfather clock in the corner, but all I was aware of was the rhythmic sound of Katherine's breath, the way the light caught her angular jaw, the quick flick of the page as we looked through the book. I was dimly conscious of the fact that I needed to leave, soon, but whenever I thought of the music and the dancing and the plates of fried chicken and Rosalyn, I found myself literally unable to move. â€Å"You're not reading!† Katherine teased at one point, glancing up from The Mysteries of Mystic Falls. â€Å"No, I'm not.† â€Å"Why? Are you distracted?† Katherine rose, her slender shoulders stretching as she reached up to place the book back on the shelf. She put it in the wrong spot, next to Father's world geography books. â€Å"Here,† I murmured, reaching behind her to take the book and place it on the high shelf where it belonged. The smell of lemon and ginger surrounded me, making me feel wobbly and dizzy. She turned toward me. Our lips were mere inches apart, and suddenly the scent of her became nearly unbearable. Even though my head knew it was wrong, my heart screamed that I'd never be complete if I didn't kiss Katherine. I closed my eyes and leaned in until my lips grazed hers. For a moment, it felt as though my entire life had clicked into place. I saw Katherine running barefoot in the fields behind the guest house, me chasing after her, our young son slung over my shoulder. But then, entirely unbidden, an image of Penny, her throat torn out, floated through my mind. I pulled back instantly, as if struck by lightning. â€Å"I'm sorry!† I said, leaning back and tripping against a small end table, stacked high with Father's volumes. They fell to the floor, the sound muffled by the Oriental rugs. My mouth tasted like iron. What had I just done? What if my father had come in, eager to open the humidor with Mr. Cartwright? My brain whirled in horror. â€Å"I have to †¦ I have to go. I have to go find my fiancï ¿ ½e.† Without a backward glance at Katherine and the stunned expression that was sure to be on her face, I fled the study and ran through the empty conservatory and toward the garden. Twilight was just beginning to fall. Coaches were setting off with mothers and young children as well as cautious revelers who were afraid of the animal attacks. Now was when the liquor would flow, the band would play more loudly, and girls would outdo themselves waltzing, intent to capture the eyes of a Confederate soldier from the nearby camp. I felt my breath returning to normal. No one knew where I'd been, much less what I had done. I strode purposefully into the center of the party, as if I'd simply been refilling my glass at the bar. I saw Damon sitting with other soldiers, playing a round of poker on the corner of the porch. Five girls were squeezed onto the porch swing, giggling and talking loudly. Father and Mr. Cartwright were walking toward the labyrinth, each holding a whiskey and gesturing in an animated fashion, no doubt talking about the benefits of the Cartwright-Salvatore merger. â€Å"Stefan!† I felt a hand clap my back. â€Å"We were wondering where the guests of honor were. No respect for their elders,† Robert said jovially. â€Å"Rosalyn's still not here?† I asked. â€Å"Y know how girls are. They have to look just ou right, especially if they're celebrating their impending marriage,† Robert said. His words rang true, yet an unexplainable shiver of fear rushed down my spine. Was it just me, or had the sun set remarkably quickly? The revelers on the lawn had changed to shadowy figures in the five minutes since I'd been outside, and I couldn't make out Damon within the group in the corner. Leaving Robert behind, I elbowed my way past the party guests. It was odd for a girl to not show up at her own party. What if, somehow, she'd come into the house and she'd seen †¦ But that was impossible. The door had been closed, the shades drawn. I walked briskly toward the servants' quarters near the pond, where the servants were having their own party, to see if Rosalyn's coachman had arrived. The moon reflected off the water, casting an eerie, greenish glow on the rocks and willow trees surrounding the pond. The grass was wet with dew, and still trampled from the time when Damon, Katherine, and I had played football there. The knee-high mist made me wish I were wearing my boots instead of my dress shoes. I squinted. At the base of the willow tree, where Damon and I had spent hours climbing as children, was a shadowy lump on the ground, like a large, gnarled tree root. Only I didn't remember a tree root in that spot. I squinted again. For a moment, I wondered if it could be a pair of intertwined lovers, trying to escape prying eyes. I smiled despite myself. At least someone had found love at this party. But then the clouds shifted, and a shaft of moonlight illuminated the tree–and the form beneath it. I realized with a sickening jolt that the shape wasn't two lovers in mid-embrace. It was Rosalyn, my betrothed, her throat torn out, her eyes half open, staring up at the tree branches as if they held the secret to a universe she no longer inhabited.

Heilbroners Worldly Philosphers essays

Heilbroners Worldly Philosphers essays 1. People looking to trade in their old car for money off of their new car become discouraged with the low trade in value, and decide either not to buy a new car at all or to buy a cheaper model. The lower car sales is a reduction in demand, because the decrease in resale value of used cars is not changing the prices of the new cars, as a change in quantity demanded would suggest, it is changing what people are willing to pay for the cars. A graph of the new demand curve would actually be shifted to the left of the old demand curve, because the price of new cars has not changed, but the number of new cars being sold has changed. 2. Escalating consumer debt, higher interest rates, and slow growth in real income are all making it difficult for consumers to purchase cars. These factors also are not changing the price of cars, and so they are changes in demand, not quantity demanded. In other words, these factors are shifting the entire demand curve to the left. 3. Ford and Toyota are making the price of buying a new car cheaper, hoping that more people will want to purchase new cars. This is an attempt to change the quantity demanded. Ford and Toyota are hoping that their efforts will move them downward on a demand curve, hence more will people buy the less-expensive new cars. An advertising campaign. If Toyota and Ford were to start a new advertising campaign, they would be attempting to change the demand. With a new advertising campaign, the car companies are hoping that the demand curve would shift back to the right and more people would buy the cars they are making at a price that returns their profit to its original level. Answers to "Use Your Economic Reasoning" on pages 82 1. The U.S. has already mined most of its high-quality, accessible natural resource deposits. Other countries still have many high-quality, accessible deposits of natural resources. 2. Technology is helping U.S. firms to lower costs, b...

Free Essays on Big City Life

The culture wars continue to rage across the United States. It clashes over hate speech regulations, affirmative action, abortion, immigration, art, history, and lifestyle questions suggest that America is more polarized than ever before. As suburbs draw more businesses and residents, they produce new forms of art and cultural events which longtime residents resist as undermining the essentially residential quality of suburbs. Similarly, in cities, new parking structures, highways, and downtown malls produce suburban landscapes that urbanites reject, seeing those changes as evidence of the intrusion of suburban culture. As I sit at my computer, contemplating my birthday and the changes that have occurred in my life during the year, I am struck by the never-ending challenge I face to become me. Suddenly, a question rises whether or not living in the city is the life I would choose to live. Then I ask myself, what is living in the city? 'City' is a keyword in contemporary culture and thought. In almost any field today there is recurrent metaphorical use of urbanity. Not as referring to city individuality, traditional images or insignia of a particular city, but to the city as a manifestation of a more general urban condition. The city has also rapidly established itself as the metaphor of the internet. The linking of digital communication networks is commonly described as a variation, or even a new dimension, of the kind of manifest network that a city consists of. Not to mention the misunderstanding belief that suburban is quiet, peaceful way of living a life, living in urban means missing out the convenience socializing of lifestyle, cars, commuting, and socializing. One of the biggest advantages to living in the city is convenience. Remember that first... Free Essays on Big City Life Free Essays on Big City Life The culture wars continue to rage across the United States. It clashes over hate speech regulations, affirmative action, abortion, immigration, art, history, and lifestyle questions suggest that America is more polarized than ever before. As suburbs draw more businesses and residents, they produce new forms of art and cultural events which longtime residents resist as undermining the essentially residential quality of suburbs. Similarly, in cities, new parking structures, highways, and downtown malls produce suburban landscapes that urbanites reject, seeing those changes as evidence of the intrusion of suburban culture. As I sit at my computer, contemplating my birthday and the changes that have occurred in my life during the year, I am struck by the never-ending challenge I face to become me. Suddenly, a question rises whether or not living in the city is the life I would choose to live. Then I ask myself, what is living in the city? 'City' is a keyword in contemporary culture and thought. In almost any field today there is recurrent metaphorical use of urbanity. Not as referring to city individuality, traditional images or insignia of a particular city, but to the city as a manifestation of a more general urban condition. The city has also rapidly established itself as the metaphor of the internet. The linking of digital communication networks is commonly described as a variation, or even a new dimension, of the kind of manifest network that a city consists of. Not to mention the misunderstanding belief that suburban is quiet, peaceful way of living a life, living in urban means missing out the convenience socializing of lifestyle, cars, commuting, and socializing. One of the biggest advantages to living in the city is convenience. Remember that first...

How to Measure the Economic Strength of a Country

How to Measure the Economic Strength of a Country Measuring the size of a countrys economy involves several different key  factors, but the easiest way to determine its strength is to observe its  Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which determines the market value of goods and services produced by a country. To do this, one must simply count up the production of every type of good or service in a country, from smartphones and automobiles to bananas and college education, then multiply that total by the price at which each product is sold. In 2014, for instance, the United States GDP totaled $17.4 trillion, which ranked it as the highest GDP in the world. Gross Domestic Product One mean of determining the size and strength of a countrys  economy is through nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The Economics Glossary defines GDP as the gross domestic product for a region, wherein the GDP is the market value of all the goods and services produced by labor and property located in the region, usually a country. It equals Gross National Product minus the net inflow of labor and property incomes from abroad. The nominal indicates that the GDP is converted into a base currency (typically the U.S. Dollar or Euros) at market exchange rates. So you calculate the value of everything produced in that country at the prices prevailing in that country, then you convert that into U.S. Dollars at market exchange rates. Currently, according to that definition, Canada has the 8th largest economy in the world and Spain is 9th. Other Ways of Calculating GDP and Economic Strength The other way of calculating GDP is taking into account differences between countries due to purchasing power parity. There are a few different agencies who calculate GDP (PPP) for each country, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. These figures calculate for disparities in the gross product that result from differing valuations of goods or services in different countries. GDP can also be determined by either supply or demand metrics wherein one can either calculate the total nominal value of goods or services purchased in a country or simply produced in a country. In the former, supply, one calculates how much is produced regardless of where the good or service is consumed. Categories included in this supply model of GDP include durable and nondurable goods,  services, inventories, and structures. In the latter, demand, the GDP is determined based on how many goods or services the citizenry of a country buys of its own goods or services. There are four primary demands that are considered when determining this type of GDP:  consumption, investment, government spending and spending on net exports.

The impact of technology in India Research Paper

The impact of technology in India - Research Paper Example The main industries, according to Bakshi, that deal with the trade are IT services, online businesses, and services dependent on IT and software/hardware sales. Combined with a consequential growth in skilled labour, the industry has immensely grown in size and potential. Agriculture is an area that has been touted to receive much benefit from the advancements in technology. This has been due to initiatives that assist farmers in disseminating information regarding their merchandise in real time. Linking the locals to the Internet provides them with information about price in timely manner; they get more on farming practices and execute more transactions without having to deal with intermediaries. Such factors combined lead to a transformed and thus a more sustainable chain of production that is beneficial to the farmers as well as the end users. Research has shown direct gains from online trading to buyers and sellers of agricultural products (Banker and Mitra, 2005). There have been significant positive impacts on yields as a result of technology. Bennet, Ismael, Kambhampati and Morse (2004) were able to clearly show the positive impacts brought about by genetically modified cotton and the better economic performance of the product on coffee farmer s in Maharashtra, India. The authors found out high yields on the genetically modified type as compared to the normal cotton. Profit margins were higher on this strain due to respective reduction in costs of production. Other than the direct economic indicators like agriculture, as observed, technology has also affected the Indian culture. Globalization has resulted in increased communication channels between unlike cultures. The increased propensity to communicate between the different cultures has resulted in local influence to such issues as the degree of choice to study, study habits and much more. Globalization of technology has brought about changes in dressing habits amongst

Class Dialogue Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Class Dialogue - Assignment Example Libreria Editrice Vaticana: 6-10, and 244 Accessed Online from http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20131124_evangelii-gaudium.html. As seen from the social settings that human beings are separated either by color or ethnicity, it is no surprise that Catholics are seen the same way by other religions. Christians have been ridiculed this leading to division. In context, the topic at hand is covered by this source as it projects the dimensions of faith and how such faith can be distorted given that other religions and some races within Christianity do not auger well with each other. Racism is the bias towards a certain race. The Catholic Church as been viewed as one among the foundations of Christianity. However, politics have been immersed in to the church with racial profiling of clergies and other service individuals segregated along these lines. In context, this source provides supporting dialogue confirming that racism as well as favoritism are particulars in Christianity and thus more perspectives of analyzing the church should be considered. This quote shows that the division among Christians continues to be the very reason that Christians are unable to live or co-exist peacefully. In nations ravaged by violence, the Christians are even in a worse situation as the lack of unity projects even further complications as to how to conquer the hardships. Racial profiling is a problem in the justice system as it is in the religious setting. Considering the crises in Egypt and Nigeria, religious wars and lack of cooperation among Christians has driven the bar of reconciliation further as terror rages on. For instance, the abduction of school girls in Nigeria by a terror militia shows that the racial and religious conflicts continue to rage due to division among the Christians as pointed out by the USCCB. Paul VI. (1975). Pope Francis’ Evangelii Gaudium. Libreria Editrice

Eating Disorders and the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Eating Disorders and the Media - Essay Example not comprehend the fact that eating more and that too at odd times can literally break down the metabolism rate in their bodies and force them to lie on the bed every now and then. Being sick also comes under the heading of one of the aftereffects of eating and eating more. Fortunately enough, there are now some particular ways and means which look to tell children and grown ups about their proper intake of food during different periods of the day with specification of calorie levels, which in more ways than one is a step in the right direction. In the world of present times, human beings are experiencing a change within their lives. They have become busy and time for them passes in a whisker. The modern society has changed and so has the way in which people eat. The fast food culture has taken up their lives. There are a number of good restaurants to choose from - so people can go out and have good meals as and when they wish to. (Peterson, 2005) However all of this requires a clear thinking approach as to whether fast food is indeed good for the human body or not? There are a lot of franchise restaurants for getting fast foods when one does not have the time to eat enough and more than that cook for his own self. Everybody knows that foods are very important for getting energy to activate the human body, but one should know that how food culture influences the family linkages, friendships, emotions as well as the pertinent personalities. The media in the form of television, newspapers and magazines provides role models that teach women to value beauty and thinness over strength of character. While men are influenced by their role models to succeed academically and excel in all areas, we are expected to maintain a beautiful appearance, i.e. a thin, sexy body. Many of these role models are not only weak and thin, essentially, they lose their personalities and become objects and images for the pleasure of others. Used to be, you could turn on the television and

History of Cognitive Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

History of Cognitive Psychology - Essay Example The contribution of early researchers under the guidance of cognitive behaviour made it possible to verify every research. They did not design a grand scheme to guide cognitive psychology through its development. Rather, early researchers applied insights from their immediate work to make initial headway. Their accomplishments were substantial and are reflected extensively in current work. (Barsalou, Lawrence.1992, p. 341) Modern psychology is initiated with the enhanced significance in cognition, which is unsceptical, as the same approach has been shared by all the researchers hitherto, which possess a solid ground of theoretical methodology. Cognitive psychology began to explore towards the end of the nineteenth century when in 1879 the first psychology laboratory was set up by Wilhelm Wundt at Leipzig. Wundt's research was mainly concerned with perception, including some of the earliest studies of visual illusions. Among one of the major studies on visual illusions was visual processing proposed by Mishkin in 1982. (Hahn, Martin, 1999, p. 71). In 1885 Hermann Ebbinghaus published the first experimental research on memory, and many subsequent researchers were to adopt his methods over the years that followed. Perhaps the most lasting work of this early period was a remarkable book written by William James in 1890, entitled Principles of Psychology. (Groome, David, 1999, p. 5). In this book James proposed a number of theories, which still remain acceptable to modern cognitive psychologists, including a theory distinguishing between short-term working memory and long-term storage memory. Watson (1913) Watson was the first cognitive psychologist to state the behaviourist position clearly as before Watson there was little progress in cognitive psychology in the early years due to the growing influence of behaviourism. Being the first influential figure, he maintained that psychologists should consider only observable variables such as the stimulus presented to the organism and any consequent response to that stimulus. He argued that they should not concern themselves with processes that they could not observe in a scientific manner, such as thought and conscious experience. The behaviourists were essentially trying to establish psychology as a true science, comparable in status with other sciences such as physics or chemistry. This was perhaps a worthy aim, but it had unfortunate consequences for the study of psychology for the next fifty years, as it had the effect of restricting experimental psychology mainly to the recording of externally observable responses. (Groome, David, 19 99, p. 5) Indeed, some behaviourists were so enthusiastic to explore beyond human experience that they never bothered to eliminate inner mental processes from their studies, which showed their eagerness to work on rats rather than on human subjects. No doubt, what experience a human being brings to a laboratory, nothing else can bring. B.F. Skinner (1938) Skinner, continued the classic work on the behaviourist approach, by training

CASE 3 W4 OIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CASE 3 W4 OIS - Essay Example In the same direction, the effects of manual ordering bring about inefficiency because not much is done within a short time frame. Once all these effects happen, effectiveness becomes undermined. Currently, there is an unintended effect with the CPOE, which has to do with the continuation of orders that are not explicitly discontinued by the doctor for a patient moving to a new part of the hospital. At Mount Auburn, adverse drug events (ADEs) are the largest injury category, as they account for up to 20% of total injuries (Mount Auburn Case, p. 1). The study at the hospital continues to show that there exists two major form or types of ADEs namely preventable and potential ADEs. Whereas preventable ADEs were noted to be have been resulted from correctable errors, potential ADEs were those that did not result in any injuries. Between these two types, it is expected that the implementation of the information system can lead to a reduction in both. This is because both cases of ADEs are directly attributable to human mistakes, which leads to medical errors. Since the information system will be eliminating most of the human phase of interaction with the ordering system, it is expected that all two forms of ADEs will be reduced drastically with the CPOE. At both Mount Auburn and Emory, it was noted that the CPOE system helped in bringing about standardization of care by reducing the variation of treatments and standardized care whenever possible (Emory Case, p. 7). The evidence of this major change is very glaring when the implementation of the information system is compared to moments before the implementation. For example, before the implementation, patients received preferential treatments based on the discretions of care givers. What is more, patients who were attended to at times that care givers were less tired were sure to receive the best of service than those who

History of Cognitive Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

History of Cognitive Psychology - Essay Example The contribution of early researchers under the guidance of cognitive behaviour made it possible to verify every research. They did not design a grand scheme to guide cognitive psychology through its development. Rather, early researchers applied insights from their immediate work to make initial headway. Their accomplishments were substantial and are reflected extensively in current work. (Barsalou, Lawrence.1992, p. 341) Modern psychology is initiated with the enhanced significance in cognition, which is unsceptical, as the same approach has been shared by all the researchers hitherto, which possess a solid ground of theoretical methodology. Cognitive psychology began to explore towards the end of the nineteenth century when in 1879 the first psychology laboratory was set up by Wilhelm Wundt at Leipzig. Wundt's research was mainly concerned with perception, including some of the earliest studies of visual illusions. Among one of the major studies on visual illusions was visual processing proposed by Mishkin in 1982. (Hahn, Martin, 1999, p. 71). In 1885 Hermann Ebbinghaus published the first experimental research on memory, and many subsequent researchers were to adopt his methods over the years that followed. Perhaps the most lasting work of this early period was a remarkable book written by William James in 1890, entitled Principles of Psychology. (Groome, David, 1999, p. 5). In this book James proposed a number of theories, which still remain acceptable to modern cognitive psychologists, including a theory distinguishing between short-term working memory and long-term storage memory. Watson (1913) Watson was the first cognitive psychologist to state the behaviourist position clearly as before Watson there was little progress in cognitive psychology in the early years due to the growing influence of behaviourism. Being the first influential figure, he maintained that psychologists should consider only observable variables such as the stimulus presented to the organism and any consequent response to that stimulus. He argued that they should not concern themselves with processes that they could not observe in a scientific manner, such as thought and conscious experience. The behaviourists were essentially trying to establish psychology as a true science, comparable in status with other sciences such as physics or chemistry. This was perhaps a worthy aim, but it had unfortunate consequences for the study of psychology for the next fifty years, as it had the effect of restricting experimental psychology mainly to the recording of externally observable responses. (Groome, David, 19 99, p. 5) Indeed, some behaviourists were so enthusiastic to explore beyond human experience that they never bothered to eliminate inner mental processes from their studies, which showed their eagerness to work on rats rather than on human subjects. No doubt, what experience a human being brings to a laboratory, nothing else can bring. B.F. Skinner (1938) Skinner, continued the classic work on the behaviourist approach, by training

Logic gates characteristics Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Logic gates characteristics - Lab Report Example Also, an XOR (Exclusive- OR) which is sometimes called an inequality comparator implements the expression such that â€Å"if A is different than B then X is true. Sometimes a buffer may be used between the inputs and output of a logic circuit. The buffer helps to increase the fan-in of the circuit. The XOR gate is commonly used as a buffer to supply a 0 or a1to one of its inputs. Multiplexers behave like rotary switches and select any one of its inputs as output. It is a combination of logic gates thereby having several inputs with only one output. The input channel to be read into the output is controlled by supplying a definite digital word to the select inputs. In experiments using microelectronic chips such as the Multiplexer ICs, care should be taken when handling so as not to expose the chips to static hazards. The input lines to a multiplexer chip are 2, 4, 8 or 16 that supply the output one at a time. They are used to reduce the number of logic gates required to implement th e circuit. Digital multiplexers are constructed from analogue switches encased in a single IC package. The multiplexer is used in signal routing, data communications and data bus control. They can be used together with a demultiplexer to transmit parallel data in serial form through a single data link e.g. fibre optic cable. Multiplexers are also used a A/D converters thereby reducing the amount of heat dissipated (Bate, 1988). Aim To use a digital logic circuits to decode an industrial control system, and to test an equivalent logic decoding circuit using a multiplexer chip. Procedure The control system of a bottled water factory is designed to follow specific process to control the filling upon receiving specific instructions. The process will halt with logic zero output. The processing plant sensors produce logic level outputs for the following devices. B – Bottle Position Correct Position= logic 1, and an incorrect position = 0 W – Water level low Water level low = logic 0, and water level satisfactory = 1 V – Flow Valve Position: Flow valve open = logic 0, and flow valve closed = 1 F – Water Filtration System: Filtration blocked= logic 0, and filtration working = 1 This process is halted on the following conditions: When the bottle position is incorrect and it is filling and this is indicated by an open flow valve. Or if the water level is low, but not when the flow valve is open. Also, if the Filtration is blocked, but only if the Flow valve is closed and the water level is not low. Also, if the Flow valve is open, and if the bottle position is incorrect or water level remains low. Discussion Full truth table of the industrial control process is shown below; The above conditions for halting the process can be simplified as shown here under, Position, P = 0 if; 1). (B= 0).(V=0) 2). (W = 0) (V= 0) = (W = 0). (V= 1) 3) (F = 0). (V= 1). (W = 1) 4). (V = 0). (B = 0). (W= 0) P= X: (V=0). (W=1) Truth Table. The above truth table can be simplified using the Karnaugh Map shown below; From the K- map it is clear that P = W.F. This can be implemented using the circuit shown below; B W V F P The circuit was built using the 74LS151 microchip as shown below and tested to find out if the desired result is obtained. The output Z was tested and found to follow the truth table shown here under, The tested output is found to quite agree with the results in the first truth table.

An Educational Workplace Challenge Essay Example for Free

An Educational Workplace Challenge Essay â€Å"It is our deep faith that God is compassionate and merciful, and mercy is what he bestows upon His subjects. He is generous and beautiful, and beauty is what he gives. That is how we should see the world, beautiful, with all its resources and contents, known to us or unknown. Qatar, our beloved, is also rich in natural resources. Be it human buds or wild flowers. All are blossoms, all are natural, all are beautiful bearing Qatar’s name. Let us all work together, caring for our little buds. Lets us plant them deep in the consciousness of our land. Let us nurture them with love and care to help them blossom into flowers filled with beautiful scents and filling their surroundings with beauty. † Her Highness Sheikha Moza Bint Nasser Bin Abdullah Al-Missned. (Shafallah 2007) â€Å"A picture says more than a thousand words. † For an educational institution, the vision statement shows the picture of what the school will be at its best. On the one hand, the vision is the very basis for everything that the school, the management, the teachers, the students, their parents and the community, all work for. On the other hand, the mission is the means to achieve this vision. The mission determines the strategies that will be implemented by the school management to achieve its goals and vision. Leadership takes a significant role in the achievement of this mission. This paper discusses workplace challenges and the influence of leadership in the achievement of successful school reforms. The Shafallah Center for Children with Special Needs and its efforts to solve its major problems and improve the implementation of its educational programs will be discussed using the concepts on leadership. Specifically, the paper will focus on the concept of parallel leadership and the roles of the school management and teaching professionals as leaders in influencing the school’s needed reforms. The Workplace The School The Shafallah Center for Children with Special Needs is a non-profit private school located in Doha City, Qatar, providing comprehensive services and care to individuals with departmental learning challenges, their families and the community. It was established in 1998 through the efforts of community leaders who believe in the vitality and importance of the family and the child’s role in the society particularly those children with special needs. They want to provide the children with the best care, services and educational facilities that will enable them to adapt to the surrounding environment in order to live among others in the community, and eventually secure their future. The center provides diagnosis, evaluation, school programs, training and development services for all children with all forms of disabilities from ages three to twenty-one years old. The goals and objectives of the school are: To provide comprehensive educational, instructional, rehabilitation, social, vocational and recreational services for children with special needs. To provide support and family counseling services to families of children with special needs, including individual and group therapy. To provide community awareness on dealing with children with special needs, as well as fostering acceptance and understanding of the nature of disabilities. To provide training opportunities through Shafallah Center and establishing an international entity specializing in this field. To serve as an advocate for public policy and legislative support of appropriate educational and vocational programs for children with special needs. (Shafallah 2007) School funds are generated from local and international grants and from regular tuition and matriculation of the students. The school offers five (5) programs aligned for students depending on age and learning concentration. These are the Pre-school and kindergarten which enrolls students ages 3-5. The school unit 2 is for students aging 6-21 with mild and moderate challenges, its coursework are in pre-academic, academic and pre-vocational and emphasizes on social and daily life skills. Unit 3 caters to students with mild and severe intellectual and developmental disabilities from ages 6-21; its programs are aimed to increase independence and activities are centered on daily living, self care and basic communication including socialization and leisure education. Unit 4 is designed for those diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders, ages ranging from 6-21. The program uses the model TEACCH (Treatment and Education of Autistic Related Communication Handicapped Children) and other models tailored for these children.

Online Shop Web Design

Online Shop Web Design Shop Online Web Application system, allows the customer to shop online for their required items, and also represents an associated window for the orders selected by the customer. Each Customer will be having their desired page when they login or signup into the Shop Online Web Application. The Customer can select the required items into the cart without logging into their account. But the purchase of the items in the cart has to be done using their registered account in the System using either credit or debit card, they can also cancel the payment or return the items purchased only after a detailed specification of the reason for it. The Logged In customers will be having a wish-list function so that they can put the items they wanted to buy in the wish-list and can buy later. There is one more function price checker, which intimates the customer regarding the item selected by them whenever there is a cut-off in the price of that item, but only for a few selected items. There is also a desired page for the history of items bought by the customers.   The customer can maintain their account and address details. The customer also can reset their password if forgotten by getting a link to reset password to their concerned web mail. Requirements for the system are we will be using Ruby On Rails for the development, and for the web design HTML, Javascript and CSS. The Backend is managed by MySQL. The Database for the System consists of shop online development database which consist of tables for categories, products, product images, users. The Columns for the categories are id, title, weight, products_counter, created_at, updated_at, ancestry. The Columns for products are id, category_id, titile, status, amount, uuid, msrp, price, description, created_at, updated_at, lprice. The Columns for the product images are id, product_id, weight, image_file_name, image_content_type, image_file_sizee, image_updated_at, created_at, updated_at. The Columns for the users are id, email, crypted_password, created_at, updated_at,activation_state, activation_token, activation_token_expires_at, remember_me_token, remember_me_token_expires_at, reset_password_token, reset_password_token_expires_at, reset_password_email_sent_at. Entity Relationship Diagram: FIG. 1 (Relationship between the tables) In ruby on rails the web application code is divided into model, view, controller. Model represents the database access, View represents the html pages before and after access of the database, and controller represents the action to be done once the we get a request from the Web Application. Model Code: (Category) class Category < ApplicationRecord    validates :title, presence: { message: Empty name! }    validates :title, uniqueness: { message: Repeated name! }    has_ancestry orphan_strategy: :destroy    has_many :products, dependent: :destroy    before_validation :correct_ancestry    def self.grouped_data   Ã‚  Ã‚   self.roots.order(weight desc).inject([]) do |result, parent|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   row = []   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   row { where(status: Status::On) }    module Status   Ã‚  Ã‚   On = on   Ã‚  Ã‚   Off = off    end    private    def set_default_attrs   Ã‚  Ã‚   self.uuid = RandomCode.generate_product_uuid    end end (product image): class ProductImage < ApplicationRecord    belongs_to :product    has_attached_file :image, styles: {   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   small: 60^x60,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   middle: 200^x200,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   big: 960x    }    validates_attachment_content_type :image, content_type: /Aimage/.*Z/    validates_attachment_size :image, in: 0..5.megabytes end (User): class User < ApplicationRecord    authenticates_with_sorcery!    attr_accessor :password, :password_confirmation    validates_presence_of :email, message: Email cannot be empty!    validates_format_of :email,message: Email format mistake!,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   with: /w+([-+.]w+)*@w+([-.]w+)*.w+([-.]w+)*/,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   if: proc { |user| !user.email.blank? }    validates :email, uniqueness: true    validates_presence_of :password, message: Password cannot be empty!,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   if: :need_validate_password    validates_presence_of :password_confirmation, message: Password confirm cannot be empty!,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   if: :need_validate_password    validates_confirmation_of :password,message: Password not right ,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   if: :need_validate_password    validates_length_of :password, message: Password at least 6 digits, minimum: 6,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   if: :need_validate_password    def username   Ã‚  Ã‚   self.email.split(@).first    end    private    def need_validate_password   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   self.new_record? || (!self.password.nil?||!self.password_confirmation.nil?)    end end Controller Code: (Category) class CategoriesController < ApplicationController    def show   Ã‚  Ã‚   @categories = Category.grouped_data   Ã‚  Ã‚   @category = Category.find(params[:id])   Ã‚  Ã‚   @products = @category.products.onshelf.page(params[:page] || 1).per_page(params[:per_page] || 12)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   .order(id desc).includes(:main_product_image)    end end (Product): class ProductsController < ApplicationController    def show   Ã‚  Ã‚   @categories = Category.grouped_data   Ã‚  Ã‚   @product = Product.find(params[:id])    end end (Session): class SessionsController < ApplicationController    def new    end    def create   Ã‚  Ã‚   if user= login(params[:email],params[:password])#loginsorcery   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   flash[:notice]=You have logged in!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   redirect_to root_path   Ã‚  Ã‚   else   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   flash[:notice]=Emails or Password mistake   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   redirect_to new_session_path   Ã‚  Ã‚   end    end    def destroy   Ã‚  Ã‚   logout   Ã‚  Ã‚   flash[:notice]=You already logged out!   Ã‚  Ã‚   redirect_to root_path    end end (User): class UsersController < ApplicationController    def new   Ã‚  Ã‚   @user = User.new    end    def create   Ã‚  Ã‚   @user= User.new(params.require(:user).permit(:email,:password,:password_confirmation))   Ã‚  Ã‚   if @user.save   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   flash[:notice] = sign up successfully! Please log in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   redirect_to new_session_path   Ã‚  Ã‚   else   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   render action: :new   Ã‚  Ã‚   end    end end (Welcome): class WelcomeController < ApplicationController    def index   Ã‚  Ã‚   @categories = Category.grouped_data   Ã‚  Ã‚   @products = Product.onshelf.page(params[:page] || 1).per_page(params[:per_page] || 12)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   .order(id desc).includes(:main_product_image)    end end

Huckleberry finn Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is a major argument among literary critics whether the adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, is or is not a racist novel. The question focus on the depiction of Jim, the black slave, and the way he is treat by Huck and other characters. The use of the word â€Å"nigger† is also a point raised by some critic, who feel that Twain uses the word too often and too loosely. Mark Twain never presents Jim in a negative light. He does not show Jim as a drunkard, as a mean person or as a cheat. This is in contrast to the way Huck’s father is depicted, who Twain describes using all of the above characterizations and more. The reader views Jim as a good friend a man devoted to his family and loyal to his companions. Jim is however very naà ¯ve and superstitious. Some critics say that Twain is implying that all blacks have these qualities. When Jim turns to his magic hairball for answers about the future, we see that he does believed. This type of naà ¯ve was abundant at the time and found among all races the result of a lack of proper education. So the depiction of Jim is not negative in the sense that Jim is stupid and this aspect of the story is clearly not meant as a racial slight. Next it is necessary to analyze the way in which white characters treat Jim throughout the book. Note that what the author felt is not the way most characters act around Jim and his feelings are probably only conveyed through Huck. In the South during that period, bla...

Biggest Impact on Todays Society: Religion Essay

Religion has played a role in peoples life’s ever since ancient times. Whether it be God, Allah, Zeus etc. Even those who do not believe or practice a certain are affected by it in one way or another. Among all religions I believe that the creation of Christianity has had the largest impact on modern day society. The three main reasons I believe that this has such a great impact is because peoples everyday life and culture is defined by Christianity, it can play a role in eduction and school and there is always disputes between Christians and other religions. Contrary to popular belief that the birth of Jesus Christ was the the birth of Christianity it was actually the death of Jesus was the birth of Christianity. After the resurrection of Jesus his apostles began the Christian movement and established Christian communities throughout Asia Minor and along the shores of the Aegean Sea. Jesus brought with him the â€Å"revised† version of the bible, the New Testament. The ten commandments began to make Christians to try live a holy live and steer clear of sin as much as possible. Current day practicing Christians such as Seventh day Adventists have days of worship on a weekly basis Seventh Day Adventists are just one of the many branches of Christianity that encourage a certain lifestyle. Practicing Seventh Day Adventists lives their everyday lives based on their interpretations of the bible. Communities that are largely populated by Seventh Day Adventists are mostly vegetarian . It is very common to see whole foods and vegan markets in these ares. The believe in living a healthy life and encourage being vegetarians because they believe in following the â€Å"original diet plan,† that was given when Adam and Eve were excluded from the garden of Eden. This can be seen in Genesis, â€Å"and you will eat the plants of the field† {Genesis 3:18}. Seventh Day Adventists are allowed to eat red meat such as beef since it is not restricted unlike pork. Diet restrictions can be seen in Leviticus. Some of these restriction include pork and shellfish. Many offices and schools that are Seventh Day Adventists close early on Fridays to prepare for Sabbath. The observe the seventh day of the week, Saturday as a holy day. Sabbath is observed from sunset on Friday to sunset on Saturday. Sabbath is a day of rest and only necessary work must. This practice derives from the creation story, it is said that God created the Earth in six days and rested on the seventh. Practicing Christians are non-Christians alike are affect by Christianity in one way or another. Since ancient times people have been fighting over religion. Many wars over religion involve disputes between Muslims, pagans etc. s. Christianity. Unfortunately lots of blood has been shed due to religions disputes. These disputes do not always involve bloodshed. Often times people get into heated arguments over religion. For this reason people often try to avoid even discussing matters of religion. I believe that the creation of Christianity has played the biggest impact in modern day society. It plays a role in people lives whether they are Christians or not. Without the creation of Christianity history would have not been the same.

In The Heat Of The Night Essay

Choose a character from To Kill a Mockingbird, to write about. Here are some suggestions: *Scout Finch *Boo Radley *Atticus Finch *Jem Finch *Tom Robinson *Mayella Ewell *Dill Harris **Note†¦. All examples from In the Heat of the Night. Step 1 – Pre-Writing/Outline Brainstorm for several character traits, using the sheet(s) provided. Then, try to narrow down your search to THREE good traits. How do you pick the best three? Ask yourself the following questions: **Do the traits explain the character’s round personality overall? **Do the traits show the character’s dynamic personality (how they were at the beginning versus the end, for example)? In your outline, explain, reference, and analyze each of the traits from your brainstorming. You must use direct references from the text (quotations). Step 2 – Thesis Paragraph Grab the reader’s attention with a solid opening: †¢Ask a question †¢Use a good historical or literary quote †¢Make a bold statement Discuss what the story is about and give a bit of the plot. Introduces the character (write as if the reader has not read the novel): †¢Position in the story †¢Related to whom or friends with whom or enemy of whom †¢Protagonist/antagonist †¢Importance/significance Include a thesis statement which states the 3 traits you chose for you character. Albert Einstein once said, â€Å"You have to learn the rules of the game. And then you have to play better than anyone else.† Virgil Tibbs, the protagonist in the novel, In the Heat of the Night, by John Ball, must learn the rules of a small town in order to be heard and survive. The plot of In the Heat of the Night revolves around the murder of a well-known maestro in a small southern town, and also includes the many underlying human conflicts between the two main characters. Tibbs, a black investigator from California, and his relationship with the small town’s residents, including Sherriff Bill Gillespie and police office Sam Wood, create a subplot that becomes essential to the development of the story. The clash of ethnicity, personality and method of investigation becomes the essence of the story and creates an intense level of interest that compels the reader from beginning to end. It is through this intensity that Tibbs’s personality as a determined, intel ligent, and compassionate person shines through. Step 3 – Body Paragraphs For EACH Body Paragraph, you are going to carefully describe how each trait suits the character. Be aware that the order of the traits is critical. All of your traits should be strong, but you want to end your essay with the strongest. In addition, you may find that your traits seem to follow the  story chronologically. If so, then, you want to discuss the traits chronologically. Each body paragraph should looks like a SERAERAC paragraph. That means you will have two reasons to support each trait. S – States the character trait. E – Explains the character trait and how it relates to the character. R – Explicit reference supporting your explanation effectively integrated. A – Analysis of how the reference supports your statement. T – Transition E – â€Å"† R – â€Å"† A – â€Å"† C – Profound statement and/or transition to next body paragraph. Don’t forget to introduce new characters. Don’t just mention a character and expect the reader to know who you are talking about. Don’t forget to use good transitional devices at the beginning of the paragraph AND within the paragraph. Use the sheet provided to help you with this. Use a good transitional word or phrase to begin the subsequent paragraphs (body paragraphs 2, 3). From the moment Virgil Tibbs sets foot on soil of Wells, South Carolina, he shows his determined personality. After Bill Gillespie discovers the murder of Maestro Mantoli, he happens to stumble across Tibbs who is sitting at a train station waiting to catch a train and return home to California. At this point, both Sam Wood and the reader are unaware of Tibbs’s occupation as a police investigator. All we know is he is a â€Å"negro† and completely out of place in the predominantly white, racist town of Wells. But that does not stop him from being determined to prove his innocence to Gillespie back at the police department: â€Å"Where did you get all this dough?† [Gillespie] demanded, and rose just enough from the seat of his chair so that the prisoner could see his size. â€Å"I earned it,† [Tibbs] replied. â€Å"And what do you do in Pasadena, California, that makes you money like that?† The prisoner took the barest moment before he replied. â€Å"I’m a police officer,† he said. (19) In this particular scene, Tibbs does not show Gillespie or Sam any insincerity. He cuts right to the chase. A little later in the novel, he shows just how determined he is when he is resolved to find out who killed Maestro Mantoli. When Harvey Oberst, a 19-year-old man initially jailed for the murder because an officer found him with Mantoli’s wallet, is brought in, Tibbs is determined to convince Gillespie he has the wrong man because he analyzed the murder scene in detail and can decisively draw a conclusion: â€Å"How much more do you want?† Gillespie asked, his voice somewhat closer to a normal level for a change. â€Å"It eliminates the superficial motive,† Tibbs replied, â€Å"it means digging a little deeper. I expected it, but it is an advantage to see it confirmed.† â€Å"†¦Don’t tell me you bought [Oberst’s] story. I thought you were supposed to be a hotshot cop†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"He’s innocent of the murder†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . (34) Unlike the officers around him, Tibbs digs deep to find the true meaning. Even when Tibbs is scrutinized by men like Gillespie, he refuses to back down, showing the importance of having a determined personality. Step 4 – Concluding Paragraph Sum up your ideas and say something poignant! Explain how the character traits benefitted or hindered the character (or both). Ultimately, how did the trait impact the character? Explain how the traits make the character admirable or detestable. Should we strive to be like him/her? Double space your work. Use 12 point, Times New Roman. Indent each paragraph. Do not leave an extra space between paragraphs. Have someone edit your work.

Dolls House an Madea Comparrison Essay

Like men, women have always played a specific role in society. Depending on the perspective of the viewer, one may say that the role woman have should change dramatically. In Ibsen’s play, A Doll House, legendary Greek playwright Euripides’ play, Medea and Eavan Boland’s poem â€Å"A Woman’s World,† the idea of a â€Å"woman’s place† and the appropriate conception of a â€Å"Woman’s World† is challenged. In all of these pieces of literature, women are faced with inevitable misogyny and unjustified predetermined inferences of character. Both Ibsen’s and Euripides’ pieces have these women challenging the idea of what their roles in society should be. In Medea the hatred used to strive for equality or revenge for being forced to accept the role of a woman is far more extreme than Ibsen’s Nora who takes on a more subtle approach is searching for self-worth, respect and equality. In â€Å"A Woman’s World† Boland’s message is used to show women their fault in accepting this overly domestic role in society. Bolan is trying to show woman to be more determined to find personal success, rather than simply living vicariously through the success of their husbands. In this poem the author urges women to search for equality and respect in love and society, just like the Nora and Medea in their stories. In A Doll House equality is eventually seen as a necessity for Nora’s love with Torvald. It’s the only thing that could keep hope for their marriage. When Nora’s finally realizes her potential as a woman, or rather a human being, her husband is shocked at her new frame of mind, and Nora is forced to leave him. Nora’s epiphany for a better life for herself is something the Boland is trying to give to her readers. â€Å"Our way of life has hardly changed since a wheel first whetted a knife. Well, maybe flame burns more greedily and wheels are steadier but we’re the same. † In this quote Boland explains that since the very beginning, even dating back to a nomadic period a woman’s role has essentially remained the same. Throughout the changes and advances in technology and what should be â€Å"society† the role of a woman has not changed dramatically enough. With the exceptions of a couple tweaks here and there, the frustration with society and there conception of â€Å"woman† continues. Nora standing up for herself was the reaction that Boland intended with â€Å"A Woman’s World. † Medea is also on the search for something in her story. To achieve equality and fairness soon becomes her feat. Of course with a different source of inspiration than Ibsen’s Nora, Medea has her â€Å"fun† with a misogynistic society and ex-lover. Thinking that he is giving her sound and helpful advice, Jason shares his view on a woman’s worth in the great scheme of life. Telling Medea that the only useful and profound impact women really have in life is to bare the children of the men of society. Aside from the betrayal of Jason, the dominant role the male gender has granted themselves became an added factor the Medea’s scorn as well as the extremities in her actions. Eventually killing her 2 male children, a vengeful woman becomes a cynical, and in that time ironically powerful woman. With the power to obtain the approval of the gods of her heinous and selfish actions, Medea takes away so much from Jason; his children, his heir to his success, and ultimately his legend. Although villainous, Medea snatches power away from the male gender and molds fate in her favor. Euripides’ play portrays an unstable but incredibly powerful and able woman, someone Boland is trying to prove to woman they can easily be, not including the instability. The tone of Boland’s poem shows frustration with the female genders acceptance of there â€Å"place† and the male dominance plaguing society. She’s no fire-eater, just my frosty neighbor coming home† she explains how women aren’t confrontational creatures screaming for their rightful place in society, they seem to stay quiet, cynical, and accepting until they just don’t anymore, until they are brought to their boiling point. Like Nora and Medea, Boland’s hope and intent with writing and sharing the poem is that all women will reach their boiling point and fight for the rightful place in society, less like Medea and more like Nora, but fight for respect as a woman.

Book review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Book review - Essay Example With the little savings of Jurgis, the voyage of the immigrants which include the father of Jurgis Dede Antanas, Teta Elzbieta and her children, and Ona’s cousin Marija Berczynskas came to reality. The family settled in Packingtown, a district of Chicago known for its meatpacking industry. Jurgis has resolved that he would work hard. Soon the family realized that life for immigrants in Packingtown is not easy. They all have to work, including women and children, in the slaughterhouses for twelve hours a day to survive. The family encountered numerous problems such as falling prey to scrupulous real estate agent, corruption, unsanitary working condition, unfair labor practices, and poverty. Jurgis was jailed when he attacked Phil Connor, the boss of Ona, when he learned from Ona that Phil had raped her and threatened to fire her from her job if she will not give in to his sexual demands. After his imprisonment, Jurgis returns to his family, only to be told that they were alread y evicted from their house. The fate of Jurgis and his family was turning very bad and came to its worst turn when Ona dies giving birth to her second child at the age of eighteen. This was followed by the death of their first child who drowned in the muddy street. These series of misfortunes led Jurgis to seek sojourn in the rural part of the country. Jurgis found out that even outside Packingtown, he could not escape poverty. Jurgis returns to Chicago and worked several odd jobs outside of the meatpacking industry such as digging tunnels, being a political hack, and con-man. But his self-worth and sense of personal pride and integrity continue to bother him, thus he drifts in life with no meaning and direction. One night, as Jurgis was seeking for a warm place to stay, he found himself listening to a speech of a charismatic Socialist speaker. The message struck him and he realized that the company of these people advocating socialism gives him the sense of belonging and has given him a purpose in life. From then on, Jurgis attended socialist gatherings and it beckons to him that socialism as well as labor unions are the answer to his and his family’s sufferings and to all the others who have endured what he went through in life. The story ends with a socialist rally that comes after a victorious win in the political arena of the socialist group. The speaker gives remarkable encouragement to his fellow socialist and proclaims â€Å"Chicago will be ours!† Part Two – Context of the Novel The novel was written in 1906, a time when a huge number of immigrants from Europe come to the United States to answer the call inscribed clearly on the famous Statue of Liberty – â€Å"Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free.† It was written to strongly uphold that socialism was the answer to capitalism and as such was truly polemic in nature. Uston Siclair was successful in presenting the negative impacts of capitalism such as corruption among the capitalists and wage slavery among workers. Sinclair has introduced the â€Å"goodness† of socialism in every turn of event in the story particularly to the immigrants who were unskilled and therefore employers offer low wages for measly jobs. The workers could not demand better wages because there were so many immigrants willing to do the work.

Hospital's Organization Process Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hospital's Organization Process - Assignment Example It is in this regard that the basic principle of hospital functionality is to offer the best to the demanders of health. A process-based hospital is efficient in reducing costs of operation and in offering health care to the masses. A hospital’s organization process is diverse and dynamic over time. Hospitals do not retain the same process-based procedures over the years. Changes in the health industry necessitate changes in the organizational processes in hospitals. Innovations and advancement of health-related technology characterizes the health sector, thus the need to keep pace with such changes. A number of typical processes in the context of hospital operations and organization can be identified. To start with, the primary role of hospitals is to provide health care to patients. In this regard, the first organization process can be identified as that of providing and managing care for inpatients. Hospitals address all health issues that characterize inpatients. Different units of the variant health complications are established, where each unit is specifically charged with a duty to address a specific health complication. Ambulatory care is another crucial aspect of a hospital’s organizational process. ... Another observed organization process is that of revenue cycle processes. As much as hospitals strive to provide quality health care to patients, it is important to outline the cost-revenue aspect of the hospital. Hospitals should remain functional over a long period of time, given that the cost of hospital establishment is ultimately large (Nowinski & Mullner, 2006). Finally, another common process is that of providing support. The support process evaluates the current operation efficiency of the hospital, and makes future projections on the achievements of the hospital. This process brings together all the departments in the hospital and makes an analysis of the present situation. It then defines the relationship characteristic of these departments in assessing whether each department meets its purpose in the operations of the hospital. Quality assurance and the Legal department are crucial to any hospital setting. The quality assurance department is set in place in order to assess how well the hospital meets the expectations of the customers, who are in this case the patients. The department evaluates the design of service delivery, development of the hospital functionality, health care production efficiency and service delivery in the hospital. Prior to its pre-set goals and objectives, quality assurance department plans for the overall operations of the hospital. The hospital has objectives and goals to achieve. These results are realized through the activities of the quality assurance department. The department goes ahead and implements the plans, after which it consistently monitors the hospital performance in the context of the desired results. From time to time, the

Description and definition Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Description and definition - Assignment Example Harte, "In Our Own Hands: A Strategy for Conserving Biological Diversity in California," 1990). c. Watershed Management is a â€Å"process of managing human activities in an area defined by watershed boundaries in order to protect and rehabilitate land and water, and associated aquatic and terrestrial resources, while recognizing the benefits of orderly growth and development† (Watershed Planning Implementation PMC, 1997). A new and exciting hobby that entails hiding and seeking treasures is geocaching. The equipment needed to indulge in this hobby is a GPS devise or a Global Positioning System which is a â€Å"a radio navigation system that allows land, sea, and airborne users to determine their exact location, velocity, and time 24 hours a day, in all weather conditions, anywhere in the world† (GPS Resources, n.d.). The objective of this hobby is to locate hidden containers, called geocaches, located outdoors through the GPS devise and to share one’s experiences online, through the worldwide

Political Order Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political Order - Essay Example As per the political principle of Nietzsche, every individual is equal and tends to follow a moral perfectionist approach (Lemm, 2007). Conversely, the other philosopher John Rawls in response to the theory of Nietzsche initiated â€Å"A Theory of Justice†, which elaborates individual rights and liberty (Iowa State University Department of Economics, n.d.). Furthermore, the German philosopher Immanuel Kant’s Principle of Ethical Leadership is duly considered to be the other important dimension in the political order, which values respect, justice, honesty and ethical altruism (Monahan, 2012). Contextually, a British philosopher named John Stuart Mill developed the theory of liberty, which possesses the capability of forming a dynamic political order (Ogunkoya, 2011). It will be vital to mention that the above discussed theories or principles are of great significance and value in the modern political scenario. The essay intends to explore different theories formulated by varied philosophers about the significant concern of political order. An argumentative viewpoint will be presented in this essay determining the creation of political order and its purpose as per the theories laid down by dissimilar philosophers namely Nietzsche, Rawls, Kant and Mill. The effective way of determining the importance of the theories propounded by the philosophers is executing and applying the same in real-world situations. As per the respective theories propounded by the aforesaid philosophers, it can be ascertained that Nietzsche believed in morality and the concept of perfectionist. The idea of perfectionism is not prudent in political situations, as it denotes that human good and morale leads to a better political ruler. This view of moral perfectionism was argued by Rawls wherein, the American philosopher stated that the notion of moral perfectionism is elitist and does not consider forming appropriate political culture in a democratic

Why should you give blood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why should you give blood - Essay Example Donating blood gives an opportunity to a donor to extend one’s concern beyond the narrow confines of one’s personal interest, so as to do something useful and unique for others. There exists no doubt pertaining to the fact that each and every unit of the donated blood do ends up saving some precious human life. So by donating blood one not only performs a beautiful and selfless act of service for the ailing humanity, but can also rest assured in the warmth of the truth that this donation will bring the gift of life to someone in trouble. Hence, donating blood on the one side saves human life and on the other side brings priceless joy, satisfaction and bliss to a donor. A blood donation literally stands to be a gift of life that a healthy and concerned citizen can give to one’s suffering and sick fellow humans. It is a unique way of paying back the society which provided one with multifarious advantages and opportunities. The second biggest incentive for donating blood is that it costs nothing. Everyone knows that almost each and every act of charity and kindness unavoidably costs something in terms of money or time. In fact there exist very few forms of social service that do not require a person to loose or sacrifice something in cash or kind. However, this does not stand true in the case of blood donations. If any person decides in the favor of opting for a blood donation that entire one stands to loose are a couple of minutes. It is a medical fact even the blood that a donor donates is replaced by one’s body in a matter of hours. So, one should donate blood because it is noble and costs nothing. It doe not matter whether an individual is male or a female, rich or poor, educated or illiterate, colored or white, almost every healthy human being can donate blood without loosing anything in terms of money or time. The biggest and the most pressing reason for supporting blood donations is that till date there

How Cases Should Be Decided Essay Example for Free

How Cases Should Be Decided Essay From the discussions and court observations, it is my considered view that decisions of cases filed in court should be best determined by the application of judicially defined principles and legislative enactments and should not merely depend on ad hoc decisions made by juries. The concept of jury trial is as old as humanity. It is basically a proceeding in which decisions and findings of facts of a given case are determined by a jury. Juries, upon the other hand are selected to represent the cross-sections of the community (Hale Star V, McCormick, 2000, p. 20-21). Thus, juries are often regarded as â€Å"peers of the accused† because they belong to the same community where the accused also lives. Jury trial are designed to provide a means of interjecting community norms and values to the judicial proceedings by providing opportunities for the members of the community to validate and test the applicability of the communities statute. However, in today’s generation, taking into consideration the major changes in our society and including its emerging complexities, I posit that the jury system failed to catch up to the judicial needs of cases filed before the courts of justice. It is my considered view that decisions arrived by juries are no longer that applicable in today’s generation because I believe that the justice system should be composed of people who have deep knowledge and experience in the field of law. By using the jury system we are in fact placing the burden of judgment on the mind of an average and untrained citizen. Often times, persons selected as jurors have no legal expertise. In my visit to courts, I observed that the jurors are average citizens and I doubt if they really have an in depth knowledge in law and jurisprudence. Thus, having no sufficient legal knowledge, they can get easily swayed and persuaded by clever lawyers who trained themselves to confuse and mislead the jurors through their colorful languages and speeches. Another reason why I aver that decisions should no longer be placed to the hands of a jury is that, jurors have the tendency to be swayed by prejudice through application of racial considerations, gender orientations and biases. In the court trial I saw, I observed that the jurors are not at all diverse in race, sex or age. Thus, the fate of an accused or the person in court is left to the hands of a layman that is often guided by his own personal biases and beliefs regarding his own creed, religion, sex, age and race. Lastly, I believe that the jury system is no longer viable in today’s courts because of the realities that are present in the system, which is the picking of the jury is no longer as objective as it were before. Thus, more often we end up with jurors, just like the juries I have seen in my visit to courts, to be bored, without interest and just sitting there. Worthy taking note that the integrity of judiciary rests not only upon the fact that it is able to administer justice but also upon the perception and confidence of the community that the people who run the system have done justice. At times, the strict application of law may in fact, do justice but it may not necessarily create confidence among the people that justice indeed is served. Hence, in order to create such confidence, the people who run the judiciary, particularly the person or the people who will hear and decide the case, must not only be proficient in both the substantive and procedural aspects of the law but most importantly, they must possess the highest integrity, probity and unquestionable moral uprightness, both in their public and private lives. Then and only then, can the people, including the writer, be reassured that the wheels of justice in our country run with fairness and equity, thus, creating confidence in the judicial system. Reference Hale Star V, McCormick, 2000, Jury Selection, p. 20-21.

Ikeas Entry Strategy In Russia Marketing Essay

Ikeas Entry Strategy In Russia Marketing Essay Globalisation is the growing trend towards worldwide markets in products,capital and labour,unrestricted by barriers.Globalisation is not a new process but it has accerelated in recent years with the rapid growth of multnational companies and expansion of free international trade with the key feature of Globalisation that have an impact on business strategy are; Increased international trade as barriers to trade are reduced. Growth of multanational businesses in all countries as there is greater freedom for capital to be invested from one country to another. Freer movement of workers between countries. Direct investment is when a business entering a foreign based assembly or manufacturing facilities.Globalisation is having a great impact on the marketing strategies adopted by businesses that trade internationally. One features of globolisation is that national and regional difference in tastes,culture,fashion and wants are becoming less obvious. According to some analysists (e.g Levitt) The world is becoming more standardised in the goods and services that it is demanding. If this is true, then the opportunies for companies to use technology to gain massive economies of scale by selling the same product across the globe are huge. Other writers ( e.g Donglas and Wind ) suggest that substantial differences still exist in consumer needs in different countries` markets.Standardisation is only one option for entering these markets and this will sometimes fail.The alternative is for businesses to adapt a global marketing mix to local needs and conditions this is called localisation. Product adaption involves changing the product to meet local conditions or wants. For example, finish cell phone maker Nokia customises its cell phones for every major market. Developers build in rudimentary voice recognization for Asia where key boards are a problem and raise the ring volume, so phones can be heard on crowded Asian streets. Nokia is also making a major push to create full featured but rugged and low cost phones that meet the needs of affluent consumers in large developing countries such as India,China etc. Product standardisation: The term `standardisation` indicates the presence ot certain desirable qualities like utility durability, safety and desirable features like design, weight, colour in a product. Standardisation refers to the process of setting standards for a commodity on the basis of its desire qualities. Standardized global marketing refers to an international marketing strategy for using basically tha same marketing strategy and mix in all the company`s international markets. IKEA is the Swedish home furnishing company having more than 200 stores in 32 countries selling a range of some 10,000 articles and having more than 84,000 employees within IKEA group. IKEA as a multinational company entering Russia with strategy based on adaptation and on standardisation. A strategy based on adaptation to meet local condition or wants in foreign market(Russia). This strategy is adopted to the larger extent as it is supported by the following evidences from case study. IKEA has an impression that few companies in Russia focused on solving the needs of the many people by offering attractive products at reasonable prices. It enters the market knowing exactly that there is a gap market demand left therefore decided to think global but act local. Entry strategy was based on the view that there is a need to live and learn about the new market before setting the strategies. Within IKEA, setting up a new bussiness was described as very little theory and very much practice. IKEA`s entry strategy based on taking stock of the existing situation. The mostly used technique is called SWOT analysis ,i.e strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats. IKEA identifies the key needs and wants of Russian, for example low level of education and lack of experienced management staff and takes the task to train and prepare the local people who will be ready to lead further expansion process. As a manager has commented about his management group My main task is really to make this group more Russian and export people for the upcoming expansion IKEA practesed home visits to customers inorder to talk to people see how they live and used their homes and to identify potential needs and wants not fully realised by customers themselves. Understanding local family conditions and furnishing traditions them provided as a basis for an effective introduction and marketing of the IKEA concept. A store manager pointed out that the main priority in Russia is the normal living costs and then comes the car and TV and afterwards may be a trip abroad. One example of how IKEA has considered the local preferences is in developing the room settings to refect local conditions in terms of apartment sizes and local traditionals of furnishing. It should also be possible to mix Mix and match the range with the Russian home. IKEA`s entry strategy for Russian based on standardization, the market concept holds that marketing program will be more effective if tailered to the unique needs of each targeted customer group. Consumers in different countries still have widely varied culture backgrounds.They differ significantly in their needs wants spending powers, product preferences and shopping patterns, because these differences are hard to change, IKEA adapt their products prices, channels and promotions to fit consumers desires in Russia. IKEA decided to apply adapted Global marketing strategy for adjusting the marketing strategy and mix elements to each international target market bearing more costs but hoping for a larger market share and return. Standardised marketing strategy for using basically the same marketing strategy and mix all the company internationally markets. IKEA`s basic strategy neither to adjust the style of the products of the local,needs nor follow the competitors`s product development was central preserving the IKEA concept and image the range is supposed to be ,IKEA unique and typical IKEA All range of product are divided into four major categories or styles, scandinavian country, modern and young Swede,which are clearly distingushed in all businesses areas across the store. One of the reasons why IKEA was successful with its standard product ranges in Russia was the fact that several of these IKEA ranges emphasise the morden style,which is very different from the traditional Russian style but is attractive and new for the Russian customers since it symbolises change. However, IKEA`s entry strategy on adaptation and standardisation was limited ,that the store played an additional role by becoming the training site for new employees. Since IKEA was totally new to many Russian customers to bring people as much as possible in the store in order to learn about IKEA becomes an additional task. IKEA is trying to strike the balance between adaptation and standardisation in the Russian market. IKEA introduces more or less the same product range in all new countries irrispective of what is considered popular by local customers. In Russia IKEA`s Scandinavian furniture design in some contract to the historically preferred dark wood, massive, lacquered, expensive furniture. In order to support this strategy IKEA most often identifies the potential needs that are similar across markets. 3. IKEA`S MARKET BEHAVIOR IN RUSSIA Selling in foregn market was once too risky and expensive for most firms, so only large businesses growing too large for their national markets are used to commit to this form of marketing. Improved communication, better transport links and free International trade. For many firms International marketing is now an opportunity to profitably exapand their sale indeed, for some firms it is no longer an option to remain based in just one country. Consumer make many buying decision everyday and the buying decision is the focal point of their market`s effort. Most large companies reseach consumers buying desicions in great details to answer questions about what consumers buy, where they buy, how and how much they buy, when they buy and why they buy. Market behavior depends on the factors that affect consumers behaviour. Culture is the set of basic values, perceptions, wants and behaviors learned by member of society from family and other important institutions. Failure to adjust to these differences can result in effective marketing or embarrasing mistakes. Company are always trying to sport culture shifts in order to discover new products that might be wanted. Cultural factors exert a broad and deep influence on consumer bahaviour. The marketer needs to understand the role played by the buyyer`s culture, sub culture and social class. IKEA company in Russia enters by recreating its company culture from scratch. In Moscow that included the replication of the store design and layout in accordance with the latest version in the existing store and extensive cultural education that was carried out by the team of experienced IKEA people. Another IKEA approach was to create needs that could be satsfied within the range and to inspire customers with numerous new solutions based on existing range. The theme Living with small spaces was one such solution used in Russia. Consumers` behavior also is influenced by social factors, such as consumer`s small groups, family and social roles and status. Marketers try to identify the reference groups of their target markets. Reference group expose a person to new behaviors and life styles, influence a persons attitudes and self concept and create pressures to confirm that may affect the person`s product and brand choices. The importance of group influence varies across products and brands. It tends to be strongest when the product is visible to other whom the buyer respects. Personal factor also influnce market behavior of the market. A buyer`s decision also are influenced by personal characteristics such as buyer`s age and life cycle stage, occupation ,economic situation, life style, personality and self concept. People change goods and services they buy over their lifetimes, taste in food, clothes, furniture and recreation are often age related. Buying is also shaped by the stage of the family life cycle the stages through which family might pass as they mature over time. Marketer also define their target and develope oppropiate products and marketing plans for each stage. IKEA`s market behavior in Russia has been different due to the fact that Russia ia an emerging market that has advanced. Since IKEA was totally new many Russian customers to bring people as much as possible in the store in order to learn about IKEA and get a positive attitude was a main goal from the very begining. IKEA put a strong emphasis on making the Russian customers feel welcome and important in the store which was very unusual for Russian stores at the time. The way the range was presented and the opportunity to touch and test everything in the store also made the products much more desirable to the Moscow customers. This was new and unusual retail approach. Another respect that IKEA company used, it considered the local preferences in developing the room setting to reflect local conditions in terms of apartment sizes and local traditions of furnishing. Also building an image of low price brand that guaranteed attractive and morden products of good quality. IKEA was completely to the journalists and introduced them to the IKEA way and values by organising press trips to Almhult in Sweden to learn how the range is created. The result was that the press coverage of IKEA in Russia become much more positive. IKEA operations in Russia was the fact that IKEA was the only company that stayed in Russia after the currency devaluation and subsoquent collapse in August 1998 when almost all the foreign companies left the country,that created an immediate effect of trust an willingness to cooperate with IKEA on the part of the major Russian politicians By concluding the IKEA marketing behaviour in Russia has been different in reapects of Russian culture, social factors, personal factors, economic situation and psychological factors. 4. IKEA`S VISION ,ITS MARKETING STRATEGY AND INFLUENCE IN RUSSIA Business vision is the statement of what the organisation would like to achieve or accomplish in the long term. Basically a vision statement is what the organisation wants to become (future) e.g Nokia-our vision is a world where every one is connected ,Minnesota Health Department(USA) the vision is to keep all residents healthy, McDonald`s Reustarants-Mc Donalds has a vision where the world buys more McDolnalds than any other fast food. A brand is the name sign ,symbol design or combination of all used to distinguish the product of one firm from others. A brand is the means by which the firm identifies itself with customers e.g ITC for Indian Tobacco Company, family names such as Tata steel, IBM Computers etc. Positive brand equity derives from customer feelings about and connections with a brand. Consumers sometimes bond very closely with specific brands.For example one Michigan couple had such a passion for Black Decker`s Dewalt power tool brand that they designed their entire wedding around it. Building a strong brands posses challenging decisions to the marketer. Major brand strategy desicions involve brand positioning, brand name selection, brand sponsorship and brand development. Managing brands companies manage their brand careful. First the brand positioning must be continously communicated to tha consumers. Major brand marketers spend huge amounts on advertising to create brand awareness and to build preference and loyalty. Such advertising compagns can help to create name recognition, brand knowledge and may be even some brand preference. However the fact is that brands are not maintaned by advertising but by the brand experience. To day consumers come to know a brand through a wide range of contacts and touch points.These include advertising but also personal experience with the brand, word of mouth, company web, pages and many others. IKEA can be regarded as a global brand because IKEA is a leading home furnishing company with more than 200 stores in 32 countries, sellimg a range of some 10,000 articles and having more than 84,000 employees within the IKEA group. IKEA marketing strategy in Russia influenced/contribute to the company`s brand vision by focusing on solving the needs of the many people by offering attractive products at reasonable price. IKEA enters Russia by recreating its company culture from scratch. In Moscow that included the replication of the store design and layout in accordance with the latest version of the existing store and an extensive culture education that was carried out by the team of experinced IKEA people. Marketing communications become an important means to create tha right image of IKEA .The ways to communicate the image through the out door products, image ads in the glossy magazines, TV, buzz network or word of mouth. Internal organisation processes also supported the positioning strategy. Common activities carried on a regular basis were informal and formal discussions at the store level where co-workers from once or several store depertments take part.The discussions covered different costomer issues the best ways to present the range to the customers. Market data and experience were also transfered and shared within and between different depertments and units at the company. By conluding the marketing strategy in Russia contribute to the company`s brand vision by focusing on solving the needs of the many people by offering eye-catching-product,communications,Internal organisations and positioning strategy 6. IKEASS OPPORTUNITIES TO ACHIEVE LONG TERM SUCCESS, MAIN CHALLENGES AND MEASURES IN RUSSIAN MARKET Identifying successfull business opportunities is one of the most important stages in being an effective company. Many compnaies say they want to work for themselves butthey do not make the leap to success because they have not been able to identify a market need that will offer sufficient demand for their product to allow thebusiness to become profitable. International business operate more than one country, these are often called multinational companies. Multi national companies are business organistaions that have their headquaters in one country, but with operating branches in other countries. IKEASS opportunities to achieve long term success in the Russian market was that the IKEAS owner saw Russia as a long term investment also enables the management to supply a long term view that may become a competitive advantages in the yearto come. IKEA was successfull with its standard product range which was the fact that several of these IKEA ranges emphasizes the modern style which is very different from traditional Russian style but is attractive and new for the Russian customers since its symbolise changes. Marketing communication became an importnat means to create the right image of IKEA in Russia. Government authorities and officials of different ranks were also critical stakeholders group. Their goodwill and support was crucial for IKEA expansion in Russia. However IKEA has faced some challeneges in Russia such as: Lack of experienced local workers, Totally new to many Russian customers, High customs fees , neccessity to purchase more from the local producers, difficult in finding and developing suppliers in Russia, Low buying power of Russin customers. Russian customers low price wasvery strongly related to unattractive products of poor quality and one of the challenges has been to overcome this and explain how it is possible to offergood products at low prices. Measures taken by IKEA to overcome the challenge were: providing training programs to local workers, improving market communications, adapting the local Russian culture, common activities carried out on a regular basis were formal and informal disccussion at there levels were co-workers from one or several departments take part.