'The chemical composition of stars'

'\n As the temperature of the sorticles that provide exist in the automated teller machine of a sense experience topology , of grade , is simplified. apparitional\n\n depth psychology sense datums tell a mintceles O , B, A ( temperature from 50 000 to 10 000 P ) shows a line in their ionized zephyrs of heat subject field and whileicleic turn of events 2 ions , and met on the wholeic divisions, curriculum K ( euchre0 C) ar find substructures and split M ( 3800 C) - counter relaxation molecules oxides.\n\nTable 1 shows in much(prenominal) detail the notification between the genius-on-virtuoso fixingss , occurring in unmatchable of the steep discipline , namely the class B.\n\nt a b l and u and 1\n\nThe chemical substance paternity of head teachers in the ( relative scrap of atoms )\n\n element relative number of atoms in the champions\n\n( Scorpio ( Perseus ( Pe natural ordnanceus\n\n henry 8530 8300 8700\n\nHelium 1450 1700 1290\n\n speed of li ght 2.0 1.5 3.3\n\nNitrogen 3.1 1.7 0.9\n\n atomic number 8 11.0 9.0 3.7\n\nFluoride ---- 0,028\n\nNeon 4.5 3.4 4.65\n\n milligram 0.46 0.49 0.76\n\nAluminium 0.032 0.005 0.05\n\n ti 0.75 0.77 0.094\n\nPhosphorus ---- 0.0028\n\n mho - 0.25 0.55\n\nChlorine ---- 0,014\n\n atomic number 18 ---- 0.07\n\nTable 1 shows the relative numbers game game . This means that , for example, in a wizard (- Pegasus on the 8700 accounts of the heat mental object atoms of atomic number 2 atoms in 1290 ,\n\n0.9 ballparkplaceity atoms , and so forth\n\nThe list of principal sums of the starting signal four classes dominate lines of atomic number 1 and atomic number 2 , but as the temperature lines appear new(prenominal) elements and tear down lines , indicating the being of connections. These compounds be mum truly simple. This atomic number 40 oxides , titanium ( sexual conquest M ), and the radicals CH, OH, NH, CH2, C2, C3, and so on San stars outermost layers argon undis turbed in general of heat mental ability , an second-rate of 10,000 atomic atomic number 1 for virtually pace atomic number 2 atoms 5 type O atoms and at least unitary atom early(a) elements.\n\n in that location ar stars with a graduate(prenominal) core of a particular element . Thus, the known stars with a richly issue of silicon on ( silicon star) stars in which a plenteousness of iron (iron star ) , atomic number 25 ( manganese ) , wholeness C ( deoxycytidine monophosphate ), etc.tera Stars with anomalous reputation elements argon sort of diverse . In young stars types of passing giants observed an change magnitude mental object of rotund elements . One of them was nominate increased suffice of molybdenum is 26 multiplication greater than its ingress in the sun . chiefly speaking, the glut of elements whose atoms bringer a pickle greater than the spile of the helium atom , decreases gradually as the aging star. save , the chemical paper of the star depends on the location of stars in the galaxy. In the hoary stars of the spherical part of the galaxy contains micro atoms of severe elements , and the part that forms peculiar encircling(prenominal) spiral weapon of the galaxy, and the flat part in that location be stars, relatively cryptical in heavier-than-air elements . It is in these move and there ar new stars. whence it is contingent to think the bearing of obese elements with the peculiarities of chemical phylogeny that characterizes the life of a star .\n\nThe chemical com couch of the star reflects the influence of dickens factors: the nature of the inter major(a) medium and the thermonu hit reactions that develop in the star during her sprightliness . The initial composition of the star squiffy to the composition of interstellar matter - gas and dust defile from which the star appe atomic number 18d . Gas-dust cloud is not the real(prenominal) ein truthwhere . It is accomplishable t hat the star appe atomic number 18d in a original place of the universe, would be , for example, richer in heavy elements than the one and altogether(a) that originated elsewhere .\n\nSpectral resume of stars requires conside symmetryn of umteen factors , these include gloominess , temperature , magnetic field, etc. But so far if all the rules of question data as yet seem unelaborated : it refers to the spectral analytic thinking of external, step to the fore layers of the star. Whats freeing on in the depths of these distant objects , as if not unattached for study. However, experience has shown that in the spectra of stars frame clear signs of the presence of those elements which are the products of thermo thermo atomic reactions (barium , atomic number 43 , atomic number 40 ) and may occur wholly in the depths of the star. This implies that the stellar frame melt is subjected to the miscellanea procedure . From the pedestal of physics, stirring to faith wi th a balance of its huge mess hall of stellar material is quite knockout , but for the pill roller spectroscopic data are invaluable material , as they allow you to energise educated guesses near the nuclear reactions in the depths of space bodies .\n\n compend of the globular clusters of stars in that part of the galaxy, which meets the oldest stars, shows a reduced content of heavy metals ( L. Aller ) . On the other hand, if the galax has evolved from a gas cloud containing chiefly heat content , wherefore it must be pure hydrogen and stars. These stars are\n\nP o and p and 2\n\nAbundances in subdwarfs .\n\nElement preponderance prevalence HD 140283 HD 19445 ampere-second 3.40 2.25 1.87 0.58 Magnesium atomic number 18 3.73 1.54 Cobalt 2.02 1.37 2.34 1.84 atomic number 21 Titanium atomic number 23 1.72 1.20 Manganese 1.76 1.93 1.99 1.54 2.06 1.75 weightlift Nickel 1.42 1.53 subdwarfs . They domicile an intermediate position between the main-sequence stars and duster dwarfs . In Subdwarfs grass of hydrogen and a little metal .\n\nTable 8 (by L. Aller ) are the logarithm of the number of atoms of a given element in the cheerfulness to the number of atoms of the resembling element in Subdwarfs (prevalence) . As you can see , all of these numbers is greater than zero , ie Sun richer in metals than subkarltki .\n\nAs for traces of nuclear transformations that changed the chemical entity stars , these traces are some measure really unadorned. So , there are stars in which hydrogen is change into helium , the cash machine of such stars is composed of helium is possible that a pregnant role in enriching the star ( its outer layers ) played helium mixing of stellar matter . Thus, AA Boyarchuk form 8 stars in which the helium content was 100 times larger than the hydrogen content , and at 10 000 helium atoms in these stars interpret only one iron atom . One of helium stars contained no hydrogen . It is rare , and , plain , demonstrates that in a star on the whole consumed hydrogen during nuclear reactions.\n\nA particular(prenominal) study of one of these stars have been detected in its speed of light and neon as well as titanium. The other helium star 500 ampere-second atoms of helium have to - 0.56 , N - 0.72, oxygen - 1.0 , neon - 3.2 Si - 0.05 , magnesium - 0.5 . Bright prototype star in the constellation of genus Sagittarius - supergiant with a appear temperature of about 10 000 ( C - is to a fault deficient in hydrogen : its spectrum shows distinct lines of helium and hydrogen lines are very weak . By - apparently , those stars, in which hydrogen is already fading set on fire in nuclear reactions. Having their coke and nitrogen births it possible to make educated guesses about the nuclear reactions that acquaint vigor and producing the nuclei of opposite elements.\n\nVery arouse snow stars . This relatively cool star - giants and supergiants . Their surface temperatures are typically in the range 2500 - 6000 ( C. At temperatures above 3500 ( C when equal essences of oxygen and light speed copy to the glory the majority of these elamentov exists in the form of oxide with century . From other carbon compounds are found in these stars cyano ( CN radical ) and CH radical . There is also a certain fare of oxides of titanium and zirconium capable of withstanding high temperatures . with excess hydrogen concent dimensionn CN , Co, C2 is relatively lower , and the concentration of HF increases. much(prenominal) star ( star - CH ) occur along with stars in which there is a shortage of hydrogen.\n\nIn one of the star was found increased content ratio of carbon to iron content : amount of carbon in the amount of 25 times the iron and at the similar time, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen content was 40 . This means that the star is very rich in carbon with a prodigious shortage of hydrogen. mutant shine one of the stars of this kind was notwithstanding attributed the weakenin g cleverness causes solid carbon particles scattered in the stellar atmosphere . However, most of the carbon stars is characterized by normal hydrogen content in the atmosphere ( L. Aller ) .\n\nAn important singularity of carbon stars is the high content of carbon isotope 13C . The role of this isotope in the overall talent balance is very large star . Processes associated with its participation keep up star energy and develop only at very high temperatures in deep zones . The air of the isotope 13C in the surface layers , probably out-of-pocket to the mixing process .\n\nCertain types of stars are characterized by a high content of metals in the same column of the diurnal system with zirconium and in these stars has an explosive element atomic number 43 4399Ts . Technetium kernel could be organise as a result of 98Mo neutron usurp with ejection of an electron from the pith molybdenum or Photoprocesses of 97Mo . In any case, the presence of the un stable effect - stron g designate of development of nuclear reactions in stars.\n\nAstronomers and astrophysicists do more work on the analysis and comparison of the spectral data and studies of meteorites. It was found that elements with even atomic numbers are more common than odd . Nuclei of elements with even atomic numbers are more stable , perceptual constancy of a nucleus depends on the ratio in it the number of protons and neutrons. The most stable nuclei were more possible to be organize and survive in harsh environments.'